The Effect of Heat and Glucose on Endogenous Endospore Respiration Utilizing a Modified Scholander Microrespirometer

Crook, Philip G.

doi:10.1128/jb.63.2.193-198.1952

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…While long assumed, unactivated dormant spores were shown to have near-undetectable levels of endogenous metabolism (Crook 1952;Desser and Broda 1969;Keynan and Evenchik 1969), heat activation induced temporary low levels of activity, e.g. oxidation of glucose.…”

Section: Dormancy and Longevitymentioning

confidence: 99%

History of science – spores.

Gould

2006

J Appl Microbiol

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Bacterial endospores were first studied 130 years ago by Cohn in 1876 and independently by Koch in the same year. Although spore dormancy and resistance have been much studied since then, questions still remain concerning the basic mechanisms and the kinetics of heat inactivation in particular. Likewise, the extreme dormancy and longevity of spores was recognized early on and later greatly extended but still evade complete understanding. Evidence has accumulated for the involvement of specific spore components such as calcium, dipicolinic acid, small acid soluble proteins in the core and peptidoglycan in the cortex. Involvement of physical factors too, such as the relative dehydration of the core, maybe in a high‐viscosity state or even in a glassy state, has added to appreciation of the multicomponent nature of dormancy and resistance. Spore‐former morphology formed the basis for early classification systems of sporeformers from about 1880 and consolidated in the mid‐1900s, well prior to the use of modern genetic procedures. With respect to sporulation, groundbreaking sequence studies in the 1950s provided the basis for later elucidation of the genetic control widely relevant to many cell differentiation mechanisms. With respect to the breaking of dormancy (activation and germination), the elucidation of mechanisms began in the 1940s following the observations of Hills at Porton who identified specific amino acid and riboside ‘germinants’, and laid the basis for the later genetic analyses, the identification of germinant receptor genes and the elucidation of key germination reactions. The nonexponential nature of germination kinetics has thwarted the development of practical Tyndallization‐like processing. So inactivation by heat remains the premier method of spore control, the basis of a huge worldwide industry, and still relying on the basic kinetics of inactivation of Clostridium botulinum spores, and the reasoning regarding safety first evolved by Bigelow et al. in 1920 and Esty and Meyer in 1922. ‘Newer’ processes such as treatment with ionizing radiation (first proposed in 1905) and high hydrostatic pressure (first proposed in 1899) may be introduced if consumer resistance and some remaining technical barriers could be overcome.

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Section: Dormancy and Longevitymentioning

confidence: 99%

History of science – spores.

Gould

2006

J Appl Microbiol

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“…The simplest way of accounting for these observations and for the high density (McIntosh & Selbie, 1937) and extremely low metabolism (Spencer & Powell, 1952;Crook, 1952) of bacterial spores is to postulate that their protoplasm is anhydrous. This view was first clearly stated by Lewith (1890), and has never been definitely disproved.…”

Section: Vol 62 383mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenosine deaminase and ribosidase in spores of Bacillus cereus

Powell¹,

Hunter²

1956

Biochemical Journal

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“…Resting spores in the state of cryptobiosis have an extremely low rate of respiration (Church and Halvorson 1957;Crook 1952) and therefore, enzymatic processes such as DNA repair have been generally thought to be either absent or of minor significance.…”

Section: Direct Rejoining Of Dna In Sporesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Spores: Biophysical Aspects of Recovery From Radiation Injury

Grecz

Wiatr

Durban

et al. 1978

J Food Processing Preservation

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Differences in radiation resistance of 14 strains of Clostridium botulinum spores could be correlated by computer analysis with differences in the lug or shoulder portion (L) of their respective radiation sur vival curves. The exponential decline portions (E) of the survival curves were nearly identical for all 14 strains. Autoradiographic, and diphenylamine assays indicated that strains 33A, 62A and 51B contained 1, 2 and 2 genomes per spore, respectively. However, no relationship could be detected between number of genomes and radiation resistance of the spores. Alkaline sucrose gradient sedimentation of sH-DNA indicated that L was characterized by production of D N A single-strand breaks (SSB). Radiation resistant strain 33A rejoined 50-90% of the initial SSB during irradiation or shortly thereafter, i.e. while the spores were still in the cryptobiotic dormant state. Rejoining of SSB seems to be due to high DNA-ligase activity in strain 33A. On the other hand, the radiation sensitive strain 51B showed no shoulder (L) and very little or no SSB rejoining. The exponential decline portion (E) seems to be associated with those lesions which cannot be repaired during irradiation or germination. I t is thought that repair of these lesions is attempted after germination and initiation of metabolism and may involve DNA excision-resynthesis, and recombination. These repair mechanisms are errorprone and thus f r e quently result in cell death characteristic of the E portion o f the survival curve. Journal o f Food Processing and Preservation 2 (1978) 315-337. All Rights Reserved @Copyright 1979 by Food

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The Effect of Heat and Glucose on Endogenous Endospore Respiration Utilizing a Modified Scholander Microrespirometer

Cited by 20 publications

References 6 publications

History of science – spores.

History of science – spores.

Adenosine deaminase and ribosidase in spores of Bacillus cereus

Bacterial Spores: Biophysical Aspects of Recovery From Radiation Injury

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