The effect of healing time on the proximodistal organization of double-half forelimb regenerates in the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum

Tank, Patrick W.; Holder, Nigel

doi:10.1016/0012-1606(78)90274-9

Cited by 42 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These results expand on our initial observation that surgically constructed double-posterior upper arms produce symmetrical regenerates when the graft and host tissues are allowed to heal for 5 or 10 days (Tank and Holder, 1978). Furthermore, after immediate amputation 60% (21/ 35) of the double-posterior limbs produced symmetrical regenerates, compared to 40% (6/15) when the healing time of the graft was 5 days and 23% (3/13) when the healing time was 10 days (Tank and Holder, 1978). The present results are consistent with our previous finding that double-half upper arms display a gradual inability to distally transform as the healing time of graft and host tissues increases prior to amputation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…Further evidence against a hypothesis which involves a gradient of a diffusible morphogen comes from experiments on the production of supernumerary limbs following blastemal transplantation when one of the partners in the combination has been X-irradiated (Holder, Bryant and Tank, 1979). In addition, it is clear from this paper and others (Tank and Holder, 1978;Bryant and Baca, 1978) that double-anterior as well as double-posterior upper arms are capable of some degree of distal transformation. We propose an alternate explanation for the results obtained.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…They were maintained in 50% Holtfreter solution in individual plastic containers at room temperature (18 f 2°C) for the duration of the study. All double-half symmetrical forelimbs were prepared by the technique already described (Tank, 1978;Tank and Holder, 1978). Briefly, animals were anesthetized in MS222 (ethyl m-aminobenzoate methanesulfonic acid, Aldrich) at a concentration of 1 g/liter in 50% Holtfreter solution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the symmetrical tissues are allowed to heal for 30 days or longer prior to amputation, little or no regeneration occurs (Bryant, 1976;Bryant and Baca, 1978;Tank, 1978). However, when amputation is carried out nearer to the time of grafting, the extent of distal transformation increases markedly (Tank and Holder, 1978). In the initial experiments on axolotls, healing of the grafts was allowed to occur, and the shortest healing period examined was 5 days.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regeneration of symmetrical forelimbs in the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum

Holder

Tank

Bryant

1980

Developmental Biology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regeneration of symmetrical forelimbs in the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum

Holder

Tank

Bryant

1980

Developmental Biology

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“…Krasner and Bryant (1980) also did not detect any effect of healing time on double posterior zeugopodia of adult newt limbs. In a more detailed study of the effect of healing time on somewhat larger axolotl larvae, regenerative capacity of double posterior stylopodia decreased rapidly to near zero from 5 to 30 days of healing time (Tank & Holder, 1978), whereas amputating the constructs at the same time they were made resulted in the regeneration of symmetrical double posterior limbs (Holder et al., 1980). Secondary and tertiary amputations of these regenerates resulted in expanded digit numbers.…”

Section: Pattern Formation In the Blastemamentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of urodele limb regeneration

Stocum

2017

Regeneration

109

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This review explores the historical and current state of our knowledge about urodele limb regeneration. Topics discussed are (1) blastema formation by the proteolytic histolysis of limb tissues to release resident stem cells and mononucleate cells that undergo dedifferentiation, cell cycle entry and accumulation under the apical epidermal cap. (2) The origin, phenotypic memory, and positional memory of blastema cells. (3) The role played by macrophages in the early events of regeneration. (4) The role of neural and AEC factors and interaction between blastema cells in mitosis and distalization. (5) Models of pattern formation based on the results of axial reversal experiments, experiments on the regeneration of half and double half limbs, and experiments using retinoic acid to alter positional identity of blastema cells. (6) Possible mechanisms of distalization during normal and intercalary regeneration. (7) Is pattern formation is a self‐organizing property of the blastema or dictated by chemical signals from adjacent tissues? (8) What is the future for regenerating a human limb?

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Pattern regulation in the anterior half of the embryonically produced symmetrical forelimb of the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum

Tank

1983

Am. J. Anat.

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Symmetrical forelimbs were created in the axoltl by performing surgery on embryos at stages 32-34. The technique of J.M.W. Slack (J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol., 39:151-168, 1977) was utilized. Several experiments were then performed to test the ability of these symmetrical forelimbs to participate in pattern formation. When symmetrical limbs were amputated without previous surgery, 58% failed to regenerate. When symmetrical limbs were wounded in the plane of symmetry and permitted to heal for 30 days prior to amputation, 75% failed to regenerate. When the anterior half of the symmetrical limb was exchanged with the posterior half of the contralateral forelimb followed by amputation 30 days later, both limbs failed to regenerate. When the anterior half of the symmetrical limb was exchanged with the anterior half of an asymmetrical limb followed by amputation 30 days later, the previously symmetrical limbs regenerated asymmetrical hands, and previously asymmetrical limbs failed to regenerate. These results indicate that wounding increases the occurrence of regenerative failure in embryonically produced symmetrical forelimbs. The anterior half of the embryonically produced symmetrical forelimb behaves unpredictably and in a manner not easily described with any of the current models of pattern regulation. The posterior half of the embryonically produced symmetrical forelimb behaves predictably during pattern formation.

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The effect of healing time on the proximodistal organization of double-half forelimb regenerates in the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum

Cited by 42 publications

References 16 publications

Regeneration of symmetrical forelimbs in the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum

Regeneration of symmetrical forelimbs in the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum

Mechanisms of urodele limb regeneration

Pattern regulation in the anterior half of the embryonically produced symmetrical forelimb of the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum

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