The effect of head position on size discrimination

Zinkus, Peter W.; Mountjoy, Paul T.

doi:10.3758/bf03336440

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The usual distinction is that verbal judgments are cognitive whereas motor reaching is noncognitive. Unfortunately for this rule, the size-distance paradox may sometimes occur when distance is adjusted manually (e.g., Wood et al 1968;Zinkus & Mountjoy 1969). And of course, motor distance judgments cannot be used at all for very distant objects such as the moon.…”

Section: The Ventral Stream Offers More Affordance and The Dorsal Strmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As for close displays, Ross' claim that the dual-process approach is dubious is based on two studies (Wood et al 1968;Zinkus & Mountjoy 1969), which she cites as evidence for the fact that "the size-distance paradox may sometimes occur when distance is adjusted manually." These studies are two, very brief, one-page reports of three experiments carried out by the same group of researchers.…”

Section: R35 Size and Distance Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two visual systems and two theories of perception: An attempt to reconcile the constructivist and ecological approaches

Norman¹

2002

Behav Brain Sci

342

214

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The two contrasting theoretical approaches to visual perception, the constructivist and the ecological, are briefly presented and illustrated through their analyses of space and size perception. Earlier calls for their reconciliation and unification are reviewed. Neurophysiological, neuropsychological, and psychophysical evidence for the existence of two quite distinct visual systems, the ventral and the dorsal, is presented. These two perceptual systems differ in their functions; the ventral system's central function is that of identification, while the dorsal system is mainly engaged in the visual control of motor behavior. The strong parallels between the ecological approach and the functioning of the dorsal system, and between the constructivist approach and the functioning of the ventral system are noted. It is also shown that the experimental paradigms used by the proponents of these two approaches match the functions of the respective visual systems. A dual-process approach to visual perception emerges from this analysis, with the ecological-dorsal process transpiring mainly without conscious awareness, while the constructivist-ventral process is normally conscious. Some implications of this dual-process approach to visual-perceptual phenomena are presented, with emphasis on space perception.

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Section: The Ventral Stream Offers More Affordance and The Dorsal Strmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: R35 Size and Distance Perceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two visual systems and two theories of perception: An attempt to reconcile the constructivist and ecological approaches

Norman¹

2002

Behav Brain Sci

342

214

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“…Although many of these studies are suggestive of head-related errors in perceived depth (Carter, 1977;Zinkus & Mountjoy, 1969), they are often confounded by differences in the visual scene (and therefore visual context) correlated to head orientation (Ching, Peng, & Fang, 1963;King & Gruber, 1962), by including elevated eye position (Wood, Zinkus, & Mountjoy, 1968) or by inadequate reporting methods (Bilderback, Taylor, & Thor, 1964). Experiments involving viewing the moon using mirrors have suggested that the moon illusion may not require a person to actually be looking in different directions but that visual context usually associated with a particular head orientation may be important (Rock & Kaufman, 1962).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Perceived distance depends on the orientation of both the body and the visual environment

Harris

Mander

2014

Journal of Vision

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Models of depth perception typically omit the orientation and height of the observer despite the potential usefulness of the height above the ground plane and the need to know about head position to interpret retinal disparity information. To assess the contribution of orientation to perceived distance, we used the York University Tumbled and Tumbling Room facilities to modulate both perceived and actual body orientation. These facilities are realistically decorated rooms that can be systematically arranged to vary the relative orientation of visual, gravity, and body cues to upright. To assess perceived depth we exploited size/distance constancy. Observers judged the perceived length of a visual line (controlled by a QUEST adaptive procedure) projected on to the wall of the facilities, relative to the length of an unseen iron rod held in their hands. In the Tumbled Room (viewing distance 337 cm) the line was set about 10% longer when participants were supine compared to when they were upright. In the Tumbling Room (viewing distance 114 cm), the line was set about 11% longer when participants were either supine or made to feel that they were supine by the orientation of the room. Matching a longer visual line to the reference rod is compatible with the opposite wall being perceived as closer. The effect was modulated by whether viewing was monocular or binocular at a viewing distance of 114 cm but not at 337 cm suggesting that reliable binocular cues can override the effect.

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“…In all experiments examining the vestibular hypothesis for the moon illusion, 5 compared two circular light stimuli by either tilting his head (e.g., Thor & Wood, 1966) or by having his head and body tilted for him (Zinkus & Mountjoy, 1969). To obtain vestibular stimulation without the possible tilting effects of neck and eye muscles, the present experiment used the acceleration of a parallel swing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced vestibular stimulation and the moon illusion.

Fp¹

1972

Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Vestibular stimulation was induced by having 5 travel on a 3.8-sec. parallel swing. Two luminous disks were affixed to the swing in S's median and horizontal plane and two at angles of 40° and 80°, respectively. The diameter of one horizontal stimulus was changed in ascending and descending fashion. Each standard stimulus was presented individually for 3 sec. in a standing-still position. The swing release terminated the standard stimulus and activated the comparison stimulus for .2 sec. when S had reached his return point or when he had traveled three-quarters of the complete swing. Three 5s made "bigger" and "smaller" responses with the nondominant eye covered. The results of an analysis of variance showed significant differences between the 0°, 40°, and 80° conditions (p < .01) and a significant interaction between these conditions and 5s (p < .01). Induced vestibular activity was not significant. Eye movement (40° condition), however, did have a significant effect.

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The effect of head position on size discrimination

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Two visual systems and two theories of perception: An attempt to reconcile the constructivist and ecological approaches

Two visual systems and two theories of perception: An attempt to reconcile the constructivist and ecological approaches

Perceived distance depends on the orientation of both the body and the visual environment

Induced vestibular stimulation and the moon illusion.

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