The effect of gypsy moth metamorphosis on the development of nuclear polyhedrosis virus infection

Murray, Kathleen D.; Shields, Kathleen S.; Burand, John P.; Elkinton, Joseph S.

doi:10.1016/0022-2011(91)90139-h

Cited by 33 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Observations of a significant increase in progeny mortality in treated larvae over control were reported by Fuxa and Richter (1991). However, an alteration in sex ratio is consistent with the observations of Murray et al (1991) and Goulson and Cory (1995).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Vertical transmission of sublethal granulovirus infection in the tobacco caterpillar Spodoptera litura

et al. 2010

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Larvae that survived sublethal infection of Spodoptera litura granulovirus (SlGV) as 4th and 5th instars led to an increase in the larval period of treated larvae when compared with control. While pupal period and pupal weight remained unaffected, a significant alteration in sex ratio was observed. Although survivor moths could mate successfully, there was a significant reduction in the proportion of ovipositing females in treated larvae as compared with control. A significant reduction in fecundity of moths emerging from treated larvae was also noticed, but the egg viability was never influenced by the treatment. However, there was a significant increase in progeny mortality in treated larvae over control. The offspring mortality in survivors increased up to three subsequent generations but not thereafter. Hence, repeated field applications of inoculum are required. The implication of the present findings in terms of reduced fecundity coupled with increased larval development indicates that vertical transmission can lead to increased virus dispersal, both of which would reduce the host's innate capacity for population increase. This is particularly important in S. litura, which is a migratory species and occurs sporadically in a particular agro-ecosystem.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Vertical transmission of sublethal granulovirus infection in the tobacco caterpillar Spodoptera litura

et al. 2010

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“…Prior to the development of molecular techniques, studies on the effects of OB treatments on survivors were prone to doubt concerning the infection status of the treated insects (10,22,25,37,40,41), but the varied nature of their findings and lack of consistent patterns suggested that sublethal effects of OB treatments varied considerably, depending on the hostpathogen system under study. One exception to this generalization is that almost all studies report that the survivors of OB treatments experience adverse effects on their reproductive capacity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra- and Intergenerational Persistence of an Insect Nucleopolyhedrovirus: Adverse Effects of Sublethal Disease on Host Development, Reproduction, and Susceptibility to Superinfection

Cabodevilla

Villar

Virto

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Sublethal infections by qPCR analysis indicated a consistently higher prevalence of sublethal infection than RT-PCR.Sublethal infection was associated with significant reductions in pupal weight, adult emergence, fecundity, and fertility (egg hatch) and significant increases in larval development time and duration of the preoviposition period. Insects taken from a persistently infected experimental population were significantly more susceptible to the OB inoculum than control insects that originated from the same virus-free colony as the persistently infected insects. We conclude that OB treatment results in rapid establishment of sublethal infections that persist between generations and which incur costs in the development and reproductive capacity of the host insect.

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“…The virus is transmitted horizontally between individuals with little evidence for direct vertical (transovarial) transmission from parent to offspring (Murray et al . ). Once pupation occurs, transmission stops.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of biological control on long‐term population dynamics: identifying unexpected outcomes

Reilly

Elderd

2013

Journal of Applied Ecology

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Summary1. Attempts to control natural systems through management have often met with success but have also led to unexpected and often undesirable outcomes. Unfortunately, the ultimate result of such management programmes may not be apparent until long after the control efforts have begun. This is particularly true for forest-defoliating species that exhibit longperiod cycles such as the invasive gypsy moth Lymantria dispar, which causes widespread damage in some years but is rare in other years. 2. We studied the effects of two commonly employed biocontrol agents on gypsy moth dynamics using a series of field-tested and empirically parameterized mathematical models, which allowed us to examine various potential control strategies and assess long-term effects. 3. In a non-spatial model, addition of either a manufactured version of the same baculovirus involved in natural epizootics, or a general bioinsecticide Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk), which directly kills a fraction of the population, decreases the amplitude between boom and bust portions of the cycle. 4. However, ill-planned biocontrol applications can result in increased gypsy moth densities over the long term. Thus, control efforts may maintain pest populations at unexpectedly high numbers, which could result in constant forest defoliation. 5. In a spatial two-patch model, where one patch is sprayed and the other is left untreated, there is also considerable danger that migration between patches may drive the unsprayed population to levels that could result in constant forest defoliation. 6. Synthesis and applications: Perturbations to host-pathogen systems may have unexpected results, driving and maintaining populations at multiple levels including those far from desired management goals. It is often assumed that any control strategy that decreases pest populations in the short term is beneficial, but our results show that undesirable outcomes may often occur. The mechanisms we describe apply to many systems that undergo population cycles or outbreaks regulated by density-dependent processes, and in which disease or pesticide application is used for pest control. We suggest that successful management strategies should closely monitor population responses immediately following the control application to ensure that pest populations are not being maintained at artificially high levels compared with historic data.

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The effect of gypsy moth metamorphosis on the development of nuclear polyhedrosis virus infection

Cited by 33 publications

References 18 publications

Vertical transmission of sublethal granulovirus infection in the tobacco caterpillar Spodoptera litura

Vertical transmission of sublethal granulovirus infection in the tobacco caterpillar Spodoptera litura

Intra- and Intergenerational Persistence of an Insect Nucleopolyhedrovirus: Adverse Effects of Sublethal Disease on Host Development, Reproduction, and Susceptibility to Superinfection

Effects of biological control on long‐term population dynamics: identifying unexpected outcomes

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