The Effect of Growth Rate during Infancy on the Risk of Developing Obesity in Childhood: A Systematic Literature Review

Halilagic, Anela; Moschonis, George

doi:10.3390/nu13103449

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This observation was reinforced by the finding that the combined effect of increases in BW and age led to a BMI increase in 30.7% of study subjects. This finding was in agreement with other research findings [ 9 , 11 , 12 , 14 , 38 , 39 ]. In their study, Hill et al, found a positive correlation between BMI and BW for GA in adolescents diagnosed with obesity [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Extreme Birth Weight and Metabolic Syndrome in Children

Bizerea-Moga

Pitulice

Pantea³

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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Small and large birth weights (BWs) for gestational age (GA) represent extremes, but the correlation between extreme BW and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined this correlation in obese children based on changes in their metabolic profile from childhood to adolescence. A retrospective observational study was performed on 535 obese patients aged 0–18 years in the Clinical and Emergency Hospital for Children “Louis Turcanu” in Timisoara, Romania, based on clinical and biological data from January 2015 to December 2019. We emphasized the links between extreme BW and obesity, extreme BW and cardiometabolic risk, obesity and cardiometabolic risk, and extreme BW, obesity and MetS. Children born large for gestational age (LGA) predominated over those born small for gestational age (SGA). Our findings showed that BW has an independent effect on triglycerides and insulin resistance, whereas obesity had a direct influence on hypertension, impaired glucose metabolism and hypertriglyceridemia. The influences of BW and obesity on the development of MetS and its components are difficult to separate; therefore, large prospective studies in normal-weight patients are needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Extreme Birth Weight and Metabolic Syndrome in Children

Bizerea-Moga

Pitulice

Pantea³

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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“…To our knowledge, this is the rst study investigating optimal infancy growth rate associated with a lower risk of developing overweight and obesity in later childhood. The association between rapid weight gain and growth during infancy and the occurrence of overweight and/or obesity later in life is well established 12 , and broadening the understanding of the optimal growth rate in infancy through further research to mitigate the risk of future obesity will assist with targeted prevention. In this regard, this study examined the association between growth during infancy and the occurrence of overweight or obesity in preschool years and preadolescence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, recent evidence on the relationship between infant growth rate and overweight and obesity in childhood has identi ed a positive association between rapid growth during infancy and obesity later in childhood 12 . Rapid infant growth is also positively associated with measures of adiposity, such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and fat mass 12 . However, the optimal rate of infant growth during infancy that is linked to a lower risk of developing overweight or obesity later in childhood is still unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Obesity in Early and Late Childhood Based on Growth Trajectory During Infancy

Moschonis

Halilagic

Karaglani

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Childhood obesity rates have reached epidemic levels with Mediterranean countries reporting among the highest numbers globally. Evidence suggests early life factors, including infant growth rate, increase the risk of obesity later in childhood. However, optimal rates of infant growth associated with lower future obesity risk remains undetermined. The study aim was to determine the optimal infant growth rate associated with a lower risk of childhood overweight and obesity. Perinatal and anthropometric data collected from 1,778 Greek preschool (2–5 years old) and 2,294 Greek preadolescent (10–12 years old) children participating in the ToyBox and the Healthy Growth Study (HGS) respectively, was combined for examination. Logistic regression models and receiver operating curves were used to determine the association between infant growth rate and development of childhood overweight and obesity, as well as optimal infant growth rate, respectively. Rapid weight gain during the first 6 months of life was positively associated with overweight and obesity in preadolescent children (OR:1.36, 95% CI: 1.13–1.63). Optimal cut-off points for several infancy growth rate indices (i.e., WAZ, WLZ, HAZ, BAZ) associated with a lower risk of overweight and obesity in preschool years and preadolescence were also identified. The current findings have the potential to guide health professionals in monitoring infant growth to prevent childhood overweight and obesity, through timely identification of those at high risk and effective early intervention.

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“…In recent decades, the global prevalence of obesity has increased in both children and adults 1 . Childhood overweight and rapid growth in the early years are predictors for future obesity and chronic disease 1–4 . Interventions from conception to 2 years of age show promise for reducing childhood obesity risk 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maternal preconception body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) may exert effects on child weight differently throughout childhood, making growth modelling a favourable approach for understanding the timing of these effects 12,14–18 . Early rapid growth has been found to be associated with increased risk of development of overweight or obesity 3,4 . There is emerging evidence of an association between maternal preconception weight status and child growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal BMI in the preconception period, and association with child zBMI growth rates

et al. 2022

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Background: Elevated body mass index (BMI) and rapid growth in early childhood are important predictors of obesity risk. The association between maternal preconception BMI and child growth rates is unclear.Objectives: To assess the association between measured maternal preconception BMI and child age-and sex-standardized WHO BMI z-score (zBMI) growth rates and mean zBMI, in children aged 0-10 years old.Methods: A longitudinal cohort study was conducted with children (n = 499) enrolled in The Applied Research Group for Kids (TARGet Kids!) primary care practice-based research cohort. Maternal BMI was measured during the preconception period, defined as the 2 years prior to pregnancy. Repeated measures of child weight and height were obtained between 0 and 10 years of age. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate the association between maternal BMI and child zBMI growth rates and mean zBMI.Results: Maternal preconception BMI was associated with child zBMI growth rate during some growth periods, with the strongest association from age 0 to 4 months; a 5 kg/m2 higher maternal BMI was associated with 0.031 zBMI SD unit/mo higher growth rate (p = 0.004), and 0.186 SD unit higher mean child zBMI (p = 0.0002).Conclusions: Maternal preconception BMI was associated with growth rate and mean zBMI in early childhood. The preconception period may be an important target for health interventions to promote healthy child growth rate and weight outcomes.

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The Effect of Growth Rate during Infancy on the Risk of Developing Obesity in Childhood: A Systematic Literature Review

Cited by 14 publications

References 34 publications

Extreme Birth Weight and Metabolic Syndrome in Children

Extreme Birth Weight and Metabolic Syndrome in Children

Prediction of Obesity in Early and Late Childhood Based on Growth Trajectory During Infancy

Maternal BMI in the preconception period, and association with child zBMI growth rates

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