The Effect of Graphene-Oxide Nanoplatelets on the High-Velocity
			Impact Response of Glass Laminate Aluminum Reinforced Epoxy

Heydari, Amir; Khoramishad, Hadi; Alikhani, Hossein; Berto, Filippo

doi:10.1134/s1029959921010100

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…When 1 weight percent of non-functionalized GNP was added, the greatest increases in tensile strength and elastic modulus were seen to be 13% and 39%, respectively [8]. According to a study by A. Heydari et al, adding 0.5 F. P. Lodh, R. V. I. Gadhave wt% GONPs increased stiffness, strength, and toughness by 33.4%, 45%, and 25.6%, respectively [9] [10] [11].…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforcing Effect of Graphene in Epoxy Adhesives: Review

Lodh,

Gadhave

2024

OJCM

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Due to its great strength, hardness, and chemical resistance, epoxy adhesives are becoming more and more used. They continue to have drawbacks, nevertheless, such as poor thermal stability, and poor electrical conductivity. Two-dimensional graphene is a wonderful substance with exceptional qualities including high strength, high electrical conductivity, and large surface area. Because of these characteristics, graphene has been thoroughly researched for its prospective uses in a variety of industries, including electronics, energy storage, and biomedical engineering. The use of graphene as an additive in epoxy adhesives to enhance the characteristics of such materials is one of its promising uses. This paper reviewed the latest findings about graphene's effects on epoxy adhesives. The various methods to produce graphene-epoxy composites and their improvements are discussed. This research additionally discusses the challenges associated with the production and processing of graphene-epoxy composites, as well as the mechanisms behind the improvements in mechanical, electrical, and thermal characteristics. The final section of this review discusses the challenges and prospective uses of graphene in epoxy adhesives in the future.

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Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinforcing Effect of Graphene in Epoxy Adhesives: Review

Lodh,

Gadhave

2024

OJCM

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“…As one of the main failure modes of FMLs, [ 24 ] MCI debonding not only determines the energy absorption process of MCI, but also affects the proportion of metal plastic deformation and other failure modes in the total impact energy absorption of FMLs. The conclusions drawn from the References 18, 21–23 are inconsistent, which indicates that the effect of MCI strength on the ballistic impact performance of FMLs is complicated. Therefore, further research is indispensable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the recent years, carbon nanofillers have emerged as an effective modifier of polymer matrices for improving the mechanical performance of FMLs. [19,20] Khoramishad et al [21] and Heydari et al [22] added multi-walled carbon nanotubes and grapheneoxide nanoplatelets to the FRC of FMLs, respectively, and they found that the nanofillers weakened the bonding between the aluminum alloy sheets and the FRC layers, causing an increase in the debonding area. Further, due to the addition of nanofillers, the aluminum alloy sheets underwent a stronger plastic deformation, leading to an improvement in the high-velocity impact resistance of FMLs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ballistic impact response and failure mechanism of aluminum/ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber laminates with different adhesive quantity

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2022

Polymer Composites

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The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of metal-composite interface (MCI) adhesive quantity on the energy absorption and failure behavior of fiber metal laminates (FMLs) under ballistic impact. The dynamic shear and ballistic impact tests were systematically conducted, and CT scan was employed to quantitatively investigate the damage and failure mechanisms of the FMLs.The results reveal that the dynamic shear strength of MCI initially increases and then remains constant with the increase in the adhesive quantity at a constant strain rate. Moreover, the MCI adhesive quantity has a certain influence on the impact energy absorption of FMLs, and the degree of influence is related to the impact velocity. At an impact velocity of 360 m/s, the difference of energy absorption is maximal, approximately 14.7%. The distribution of total debonding area changes with increase in the adhesive quantity. When the impact velocity is 212 m/s, compared to FMLs with the lowest adhesive quantity, the total debonding area of FMLs with the highest adhesive quantity decreases by 774.57 mm 2 (9.20%), otherwise the debonding area near the rear aluminum alloy sheet increases by 595.94 mm 2 (58.99%). K E Y W O R D Sadhesive quantity, ballistic impact, failure mechanism, fiber metal laminates, metal-composite interface, split Hopkinson tie bar | INTRODUCTIONFiber metal laminates (FMLs) are hybrid composites containing metal alloys and fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs). [1,2] Combining the merits of both FRCs and metal alloys, FMLs not only exhibit high specific strength, specific stiffness, and excellent fatigue characteristics but also show outstanding load bearing capacity, impact resistance, and residual strength. [3][4][5] Therefore, FMLs are widely used in the aviation industry, such as wings, fuselage, and empennage of aircrafts, [6][7][8] and they also exhibit immense application potential in transportation, [9] armor protection, [10] and other fields.The mechanical properties of FMLs are primarily governed by the type of reinforcement fiber. [7] Currently, carbon fiber, glass fiber, and aramid fiber are mainly used as the reinforcement fibers in FMLs. [11] Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber is a highperformance fiber with high modulus, low density, and outstanding energy absorption capacity. Therefore, it is extensively applied in the development of protective armors for soldiers and other military fields. [12][13][14] Over

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“…Wang et al 12 attributed the improvement of the impact response of fiber metal laminates to the increase of the modulus and crack-resistance of the epoxy matrix by adding graphene nanoplatelets. Heydari et al 13 concluded that the addition of 0.5 wt % graphene in GLARE laminates reduced the remaining kinetic energy of the impactor by 33% in comparison to the neat structures. Fathi et al 14 implemented some experimental studies on the neat and graphene reinforced fiber metal laminates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of the impact performance of nano reinforced sandwich structures to the material and geometrical variations

Tofighi

Biglari

Shokrieh

2022

Journal of Composite Materials

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The low-velocity impact response of sandwich structures with aluminum face sheets and neat or nano-reinforced polypropylene core was studied. A strain-rate dependent micromechanics model (SRDM) was presented in the literature for predicting the dynamic behavior of nano-reinforced polymers. In the present study, the dynamic behavior of nano-reinforced polypropylene was simulated based on SRDM results. The finite element model was validated against the experimental results. It was shown that the results of the simulation performed by the SRDM model were in very good agreement with the experimental data. Then, the proposed finite element model was used for checking the sensitivity of the impact performance of nano-reinforced sandwich structures to the material and geometrical variations. A special sandwich structure with a core of 1 mm thickness and a face thickness of 1 mm was considered as the base structure. Different material and geometrical variations including doubling the thickness of the core or face sheets, a different weight ratio of graphene, and increasing material parameters of the face sheets up to 90%, were undertaken on the base structure. The results of the present study imply that the optimal amount of graphene should not exceed 0.5 wt.% to improve impact properties. The impact response of nano-reinforced sandwich structures was more sensitive to the variations of the face thickness in comparison to the variations of the core thickness. Moreover, the impact outputs were more sensitive to changes in the yield stress of faces compared to changes in Young’s modulus of faces.

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The Effect of Graphene-Oxide Nanoplatelets on the High-Velocity Impact Response of Glass Laminate Aluminum Reinforced Epoxy

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Reinforcing Effect of Graphene in Epoxy Adhesives: Review

Reinforcing Effect of Graphene in Epoxy Adhesives: Review

Ballistic impact response and failure mechanism of aluminum/ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber laminates with different adhesive quantity

Sensitivity of the impact performance of nano reinforced sandwich structures to the material and geometrical variations

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