The effect of granite fracture network on silica-enriched groundwater formation and geothermometers in low-temperature hydrothermal system

Geothermometry in High-Temperature Reservoirs of the Geothermal Springs in Southern Thailand: Insights from Cations and Silica Geothermometers

“…In contrast, the silica geothermometer (Eq., 1) and chalcedony geothermometer (Eq., 2) estimated temperatures vary between 80 and 135 °C. Therefore, the K-Mg geothermometer results are considered more consistent with reservoir temperature estimates from the silica (particularly chalcedony) geothermometer [11,12,13]. Reservoir temperatures estimated by the quartz geothermometer are about 20-30 °C higher than those by the chalcedony geothermometer [12,13,14] shown in Figure 2.…”

“…Therefore, the K-Mg geothermometer results are considered more consistent with reservoir temperature estimates from the silica (particularly chalcedony) geothermometer [11,12,13]. Reservoir temperatures estimated by the quartz geothermometer are about 20-30 °C higher than those by the chalcedony geothermometer [12,13,14] shown in Figure 2. Whereas the comparisons for quartz, chalcedony, Na-K-Ca, and K-Mg geothermometers used to calculate reservoir temperatures corresponding to all hot spring sample sites are shown in Figure 2.…”

Regional Hydro-Chemistry of Hydrothermal Springs in Northeastern Algeria, Case of Guelma, Souk Ahras, Tebessa and Khenchela Regions

“…In this context of understanding these hydrothermal systems, the surface sampling of hot springs is problematic due to the mixing of deep hot water with cold surface water, as well as the cooling of the water during ascent and potential re-equilibration with the host rock, both of which alter the geochemical information [13]. Given this challenging context, studies generally focus on local processes in a given hydrothermal system, including pollutants that may affect water quality [14][15][16][17], or concern the investigation of reservoir temperature using geothermometers, the location of recharge zones or water/rock interactions in the reservoir and groundwater mineralization [14,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. The mineralization and temperature of thermo-mineral waters can be explained by the circulation of groundwater at different depths, but these waters have long been recognized for the stability of their chemical composition and their protection from any risk of surface pollution [14,[25][26][27][32][33][34].…”