The Effect of Ginger Extract on the Incidence and Severity of Nausea and Vomiting After Cesarean Section Under Spinal Anesthesia

Abstract

BackgroundNausea and vomiting are one of the most common complications of cesarean sections under spinal anesthesia. Recently, the use of drugs to treat nausea and vomiting has decreased, and nonpharmaceutical and alternative traditional medicine are often preferred.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the effect of ginger extract on the incidence and severity of nausea and vomiting after cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.MethodsIn this double-blind randomized clinical trial, 92 pregnant women, each of whom underwent a cesarean section under spinal anesthesia, were divided in two groups: a control group and an intervention group. The intervention group received 25 drops of ginger extract in 30 cc of water, and the control group received 30 cc of water one hour before surgery. The incidence and severity of nausea and vomiting were assessed during the surgery and two and four hours after the surgery using a self-report scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and statistical tests.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of maternal age, duration of fasting, duration of surgery, and confounding factors (P > 0.05). According to an independent t-test, there was a significant relationship between the two groups in terms of the incidence and mean severity score of nausea and vomiting during the cesarean section (P < 0.05). However, no statistically significant relationship was found between the two groups in terms of the incidence and mean severity score of nausea and vomiting two and four hours after surgery (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe findings of this study showed that ginger extract can be used for the prevention of nausea and vomiting during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.

Herbal medications for anxiety, depression, pain, nausea and vomiting related to preoperative surgical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

“…*Serious limitations related to allocation concealment,44 lack of blinding of caregivers,44 data collectors,44 data analyst44 49 54 and outcomes assessment 44 54†Serious limitations related to surgery where the results are not applicable for cardiac surgery.‡Serious imprecision related to outcome (fewer than 300 to 400 events).§Serious limitations related to lack of blinding of data analyst,49 54 and outcomes assessment54 and selective outcome reporting 49¶Serious limitations related to random generation, allocation concealment, lack of blinding of data analyst and selective outcome reporting 47…”

“…§Serious limitations related to lack of blinding of data analyst,49 54 and outcomes assessment54 and selective outcome reporting 49…”

“…Results from two RCT49 54 with a total of 212 participants suggested a statistically significantly reduction in nausea with the use of Zingiber officinale compared with the control group (ie, placebo and tap water) in obstetrical/gynaecological surgery (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.96; p=0.03; I 2 =0%, p=0.39) (figure 4). Certainty in evidence was rated down to very low because of risk of bias (due to lack of blinding of data analyst49 54 and outcome assessment,54 selective outcome reporting49), imprecision (fewer than 300 to 400 events), and indirectness in both studies (table 5).…”

Management strategies for the treatment and prevention of postoperative/postdischarge nausea and vomiting: an updated review

“…Ginger is safe and well tolerated, which appears to be useful in both pregnancy 283 – 285 and chemotherapy-induced PONV 286 , reducing the need for antiemetic rescue medications 287 – 297 . Ginger has also reduced PONV in patients undergoing cholecystectomy 287 – 289 , nephrectomy 282 , 291 , gynecologic/obstetric surgery 293 – 295 , ambulatory surgery 292 , cataract surgery 298 , and thyroidectomy 299 . However, there are also several studies that have reported contradictory results 300 – 302 .…”

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on the efficacy of ginger in the prevention of abdominal distention in post cesarean section patients

“…found that ginger can stimulate gastric emptying 9 . There have been studies that have demonstrated that ginger can reduce nausea, vomiting during pregnancy 10 , 11 , reduce chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting 11 , 12 , reduce incidence of nausea and vomiting after cesarean section 13 , and can prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting 6 . Combined of ginger and artichoke extract have an efficacy on the treatment of functional dyspepsia 14 .…”