The Effect of Gas Production, Utilization, and Flaring on the Economic Growth of Nigeria

Diugwu, Ikechukwu A.; Mohammed, Musa; Egila, Ashem E.; Ijaiya, Mukalia A.

doi:10.4236/nr.2013.44041

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…It has a population of 3.9 million people spread across 31 local government areas (LGAs) which are mainly rural. It is currently the largest oil producing state in Nigeria and is also believed to have one of the largest natural gas deposits in the country [ 17 ]. Oil exploration and production have gone on for decades in the state which has been scarred by numerous oil spills, pipeline explosions and oily waste discharges.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Risks Associated with Oil Pollution in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

Nriagu

Udofia

Ekong

et al. 2016

IJERPH

127

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Background: Although there is considerable public concern about the environmental impacts of oil pollution in the Niger Delta of Nigeria, actual evidence on the pathological and psychological effects in the health of local communities is minimally known. We sought to associate the perspective measures of exposure to oil pollution with health outcomes (inventory of health symptoms and functional capacity limitations) and determine how emotional reactions to environmental risks moderate these health outcomes. Method: The study was conducted with 600 participants selected from five local government areas in Akwa Ibom State where oil pollution is rampant. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data on the respondents’ exposure to oil pollution, self-rated health and disease symptoms, perception of risk of exposure and emotional reactions to local oil pollution. Results: Most of the participants lived in areas with visible oil pollution and/or near gas flaring facilities and regularly suffered direct exposure to oil in their environment. High level of emotional distress was a part of everyone's life for the study population. Risk perception in the study area was mediated, to a large extent, by dreaded hazards (catastrophic fears of pipeline explosions and oil spill fire), visual cues (gas flares and smoke stacks) and chemosensory cues (off-flavor in drinking water). The exposure metrics were found to be significant predictors of the health effects and influencing factors (emotional reactions). Multi-levels models suggest that at the individual level, the demographic variables and direct contact with oil pollution were important mediators of functional capacity limitation. At the community level, emotional distress from fear of the sources of exposure was an important mediator of the health symptoms. Conclusions: This study documents high levels of disease symptoms and environmental distress (worry, annoyance and intolerance) associated with oil pollution in the Niger Delta areas of Nigeria. It highlights the need for some intervention to ameliorate the psychological distress associated with living under such environmental adversity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Risks Associated with Oil Pollution in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

Nriagu

Udofia

Ekong

et al. 2016

IJERPH

127

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“…There are no doubts about the environmental, health and economic consequences of gas flaring. There is a business case for proper harnessing and adequate utilization of natural gas, as it can be a huge source of foreign exchange (Diugwu et al, 2013). When compared with other oil producing countries such as Norway, Nigeria lags far behind in terms of associated gas conservation and utilization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas flaring, ineffective utilization of energy resource and associated economic impact in Nigeria: Evidence from ARDL and Bayer-Hanck cointegration techniques

et al. 2021

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This study aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 7 which aims at "ensuring access to affordable, clean energy, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all". The Gazetted Flare Gas Regulations 2018 provides a legal framework to support the policy objectives of the Federal Government for the reduction of Green House Gas emissions through the flaring and venting of natural gas. The Regulations provide the legal basis for the implementation of the Nigerian Gas Flare Commercialization Programme. This study investigates the factors contributing to gas flaring activities in Nigeria from 1970 to 2019. Using the autoregressive distributed lag error correction representation and cointegration techniques, findings reveal, among others, that in the long-run: (1) gas flaring activities is persistent; (2) economic growth induces flaring activities; (3) gas prices exert asymmetric impact; (4) gas utilization and fossil fuel are negative predictors. The result shows that gas price contemporaneously exerts positive and statistically significant impact at the 1% level. Gas price contributes 0.187 percent increase to gas flaring while its first lag induces significant reduction in gas flaring by 0.293 percent at 1 percent level of significance. This study also provides sufficient evidence on the persistency of gas flaring activities in Nigeria.

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“…For example, gas flare sites, most cases without perimeter fence is located few meters from residential houses and farmlands. Ojimba and Iyagba (2012); Diugwu et al (2013) aptly noted that the heat and toxin spare, neither the resident nor vegetation, leaving in its trail severe health consequence, such as miscarriages, asthma, blood disorders and skin diseases.…”

Section: Impact Of Environmental Degradation In the Niger Deltamentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Management and Regulatory Failure in the Oil and Gas Industry in Nigeria: Reflections on the Impact of Environmental Degradation in the Niger Delta Region

Agbonifo

2016

JSD

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Risk management practice and effective policy intervention are critical to achieve stable environment and sustainable development. They are mechanisms for environmental management, environmental sustainability and sustainable community development for the people of the Niger Delta region. Informed by intuitive insights on the large scale of degradation in the Niger Delta, theoretical analysis of extant literature and content analysis of field interview/observation, this paper identified poor environmental risk management and regulatory failure as the bane of environmental degradation in the Niger Delta region. Why has regulatory agencies failed to protect communities against the impacts of environmental degradation and other consequences of oil and gas exploration activities? While there are enough legal and regulatory frameworks, however, weak enforcement and poor implementation of the existing regulations provides fertile ground for environmental degradation to persist. Thus, this article analyses some of the salient environmental issues as well as the regulatory and risk management failures in the oil and gas industry in Nigeria. It concludes that failure to carry out effective regulations and oversight in the oil and gas industry have resulted in environmental degradation (oil spills and gas flaring), contamination of water for fishing and farming activities, dispossession of rural farmers from their means of livelihood, poverty, migration and food shortages in the Niger Delta.

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The Effect of Gas Production, Utilization, and Flaring on the Economic Growth of Nigeria

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Health Risks Associated with Oil Pollution in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

Health Risks Associated with Oil Pollution in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

Gas flaring, ineffective utilization of energy resource and associated economic impact in Nigeria: Evidence from ARDL and Bayer-Hanck cointegration techniques

Risk Management and Regulatory Failure in the Oil and Gas Industry in Nigeria: Reflections on the Impact of Environmental Degradation in the Niger Delta Region

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