The Effect of Gadolinium on the ESR Response of Alanine and Ammonium Tartrate Exposed to Thermal Neutrons

ESR response of watch glasses to proton beams

“…Various materials have been studied by means of ESR technique for dosimetric purposes, such as alanine, ammonium tartrate and tooth enamel [9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

ESR dosimeter material properties of phenols compound exposed to radiotherapeutic electron beams

“…The tested materials (organic and inorganic) include ammonium tartrate, ammonium formate, taurine, potassium tartrate hemihydrate, lithium formate, dithionates, strontium carbonate, sodium tartrate dehydrate and strontium sulfate, hydroxyapatite, glass and some others [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54]. Another methods followed to increase the sensitivity to various types of ionizing radiations is the addition of dopants such as gold, gadolinium, silver in small concentrations (to avoid the loss of tissue equivalence) [55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63].…”

Dosimetry for electron Intra-Operative RadioTherapy: Comparison of output factors obtained through alanine/EPR pellets, ionization chamber and Monte Carlo-GEANT4 simulations for IORT mobile dedicate accelerator

“…These features allowed alanine to be classified as a reference standard dosimetry system by the IAEA for the measurement of high doses [22]. EPR detectors show a behavior that suggest a possible extension of their use also in hadrontherapy with protons, carbon ions [23,24] and neutrons [17,19,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. Alanine/EPR dosimetry is suitable for IORT dosimetry because alanine response has found to be independent of the dose rate even for the high dose rates used in this radiotherapeutic technique [7].…”