The effect of fungal metabolites on leaves as detected by chlorophyll fluorescence

Kshirsagar, A. S.; Reid, Amanda J.; McColl, Suzzanne M.; Saunders, Venetia A.; Whalley, Anthony J. S.; Evans, Elizabeth

doi:10.1046/j.0028-646x.2001.00192.x

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Working with apple leaves, the fluorescence decay could be fitted by two or three components, depending on the applied treatments. 33 In our studies, the deconvolution of fluorescence decay indicated in several cases a bi-exponential function, but there was no clear relation to the pathogen infection or plant development; therefore, we adopted the mean lifetime as a robust and reliable parameter. In fact, the synthesis of new compounds in the tissue might result in the elongation or shortening of the mean lifetime, depending on the lifetime of the accumulated compound.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Presymptomatic Detection of Powdery Mildew Infection in Winter Wheat Cultivars by Laser-Induced Fluorescence

2012

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The sensor-based monitoring of diseases under controlled conditions establishes an objective tool that allows a better understanding of the pathogen-plant interactions in different situations. The purpose of our work was to implement the presymptomatic detection of powdery mildew on wheat leaves shortly after fungus inoculation by spectral and time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. In the general scope of plant phenotyping, we hypothesized that it is possible to discriminate between wheat genotypes that are either resistant or susceptible to powdery mildew. According to our results, the presymptomatic detection of powdery mildew on wheat leaves was accomplished, irrespective of genotype, as early as one day after inoculation using the fluorescence amplitude ratio F451:F522. Similarly, the ratios F451:F522, F522:F687, and F522:F736 of the half-bandwidth are also appropriate parameters. Furthermore, in the spectral range between 410 nm and 620 nm, the mean lifetime was significantly longer in inoculated leaves than it was in control leaves. Finally, the short-term (10-12 hour) increase of the fluorescence mean lifetime at 530 nm and 560 nm following the inoculation suggests that the speed of the plant reaction might be associated to its resistance to the pathogen. Based on this information, we conclude that determinations of ultraviolet, laser-induced fluorescence intensity and lifetime are suitable approaches to presymptomatically detect powdery mildew on wheat leaves one day after inoculation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Presymptomatic Detection of Powdery Mildew Infection in Winter Wheat Cultivars by Laser-Induced Fluorescence

2012

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“…For instance, some herbicides, as well as heavy metals, drought, and ozone may affect the pigment content in Sonchus leaves [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. Many fungal phytotoxins directly (for instance, macrocidin A, tentoxin or tenuazonic acid) [ 9 , 49 , 50 ] or possibly indirectly (e.g., dehydrocurvularin, pyrenophorin, cytochalasin E or fusaric acid) [ 15 , 51 , 52 , 53 ] induce malfunctioning of photosynthetic machinery followed by cell death. Our results showed stagonolide A and herbarumin I to decrease chlorophyll and carotenoid content in toxin-treated leaf tissues confirming their adverse effect on photosynthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Adjuvants on Herbicidal Activity and Selectivity of Three Phytotoxins Produced by the Fungus, Stagonospora cirsii

Dubovik

Dalinova

Berestetskiy

2020

Plants

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The use of many fungal phytotoxins as natural herbicides is still limited because they cannot penetrate leaf cuticle without injury and a little is known on their selectivity. In order to assess the herbicidal potential of phytotoxic 10-membered lactones (stagonolide A, stagonolide K, and herbarumin I), the selection of adjuvants, the evaluation of selectivity of the toxins and the efficacy of their formulations were performed. Among four adjuvants tested, Hasten™ (0.1%, v/v) increased phytotoxic activity of all the toxins assayed on non-punctured leaf discs of Sonchus arvensis. When assayed on intact leaf fragments of 18 plants species, 10 species were low to moderately sensitive to stagonolide A, while just five and three species were sensitive to stagonolide K and herbarumin I, respectively. Both leaf damage or addition of Hasten™ (0.1%) to the formulations of the compounds considerably increased or altered the sensitivity of plants to the toxins. Stagonolide A was shown to be non-selective phytotoxin. The selectivity profile of stagonolide K and herbarumin I depended on the leaf wounding or the adjuvant addition. Stagonolide A and herbarumin I formulated in 0.5% Hasten™ showed considerable herbicidal effect on S. arvensis aerial shoots. This study supported the potential of the oil-based adjuvant Hasten™ to increase the herbicidal efficacy of natural phytotoxins.

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“…[199] and showed a direct effect on photosynthesis of young leaves of Malus domestica Borkh. (Malus pumila) as detected by chlorophyll fluorescence [200].…”

Section: Phytoxicity and Mechanism Of Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxins: Producing Fungi and Mechanisms of Phytotoxicity

2015

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Abstract:Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites, toxic to humans, animals and plants. Among the hundreds of known mycotoxins, aflatoxins, citrinin, patulin, penicillic acid, tenuazonic acid, ochratoxin A, cytochalasins, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, fusarin C, fusaric acid, and zearalenone are considered the types that most contaminate cereal grain. The majority of the mycotoxins in these groups are produced by three fungal genera: Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium. These metabolites primarily affect the seed quality, germination, viability, seedling vigour, growth of root and cleoptile. Additionally, since the fungi responsible for the production of these mycotoxins are often endophytes that infect and colonize living plant tissues, accumulation of mycotoxins in the plant tissues may at times be associated with development of plant disease symptoms. The presence of mycotoxins, even in the absence of disease symptoms, may still have subtle biological effects on the physiology of plants. Several studies highlight the toxic effects of mycotoxins on animals and cell lines but little is known about the mode of action of most of these metabolites on plant cells. The most important mycotoxins with phytotoxic effects and their producers in addition to their discovery are briefly outlined below and will be addressed in this article.

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The effect of fungal metabolites on leaves as detected by chlorophyll fluorescence

Cited by 18 publications

References 26 publications

Presymptomatic Detection of Powdery Mildew Infection in Winter Wheat Cultivars by Laser-Induced Fluorescence

Presymptomatic Detection of Powdery Mildew Infection in Winter Wheat Cultivars by Laser-Induced Fluorescence

Effect of Adjuvants on Herbicidal Activity and Selectivity of Three Phytotoxins Produced by the Fungus, Stagonospora cirsii

Mycotoxins: Producing Fungi and Mechanisms of Phytotoxicity

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