The Effect of Functional Groups of Carbon Black on Rubber Properties

A Multiphase Protocol for Selective Hydrogenation and Reductive Amination of Levulinic Acid with Integrated Catalyst Recovery

“…The behavioro fs amples 0, 2,a nd 4 was general:s imilarr esults to those of Ta ble 3w ere noticed if ioctane was replaced with other hydrocarbons (hexane, cyclohexane;5mL) or water-insoluble solvents such as diethyl carbonate( 5mL). [44,45] An array of characterization techniques such as N 2 adsorption, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), Ramana nd infrared spectroscopy methods( DRIFTS, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy), SEM coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and chemical titration methods, [45][46][47][48][49] was therefore used to further comparethe reference catalystt oc arbons 3 (ENGELHARD,4 4853)a nd 4 (NORIT SX 1G), which were selected as modelsf or one inactive (3)a nd one active (4)s ample for separationi nb iphasic systems. [43] Nonetheless, the morpholo- www.chemsuschem.org gy of the solids and even the presence of inorganic impurities could not be ruled out as causes for the observedb ehavior.…”

“…Starting from the acceptedp atterns of thermal decomposition of carboxylic acids and anhydrides, lactones, phenols, and carbonyl/quinones, [45,47,52] Figure 3d escribes the results of TPD analysisb yg rouping the relative percentages of the different classes of oxygen-bearing surfaceg roups determined for 5% Ru/C and carbons 3 and 4 (details including calibration curves, desorption profiles, the correspondingd econvolutions, and the evaluation of deconvoluted quantities are fully reportedi nt he Supporting Information, Figures S14-S18). The (moderate) fluctuations observed in the distribution of the surface groups did not point to any trend by which specimens could be distinguished to account for the behavior shown under the MP conditions of Table 3.…”

Carbon black reborn: Structure and chemistry for renewable energy harnessing

“…These radical intermediates are stabilized through electronic delocalization in the graphene planes[150] leading to numerous possible structural rearrangements. Each rearrangement yields broadly differing functionalities on the CB surface upon oxidation[113,179].Figure 35 schematically represents some of the possible reaction pathways for CB oxidation which are likely to involve reactive oxygen intermediates formed during oxygen plasma or other oxidation reactions, such as treatment with piranha or H 2 O 2 solutions[122,181]. The mechanisms suggest either ozonolysis or participation of atomic oxygen species in cleaving C=C bonds, followed by further oxidation and dehydration, thus forming a variety of oxygen functionalities.…”

Purification of molybdenum oxide, growth and characterization of medium size zinc molybdate crystals for the LUMINEU program

“…This is due to the low Fe concentration in the crystal ( 1.7110 16 cm -3 ) and in fact, it can be stated that a safe detection limit around 440 nm by such transmission experiments is ~ 10 18 atoms of Fe per cm 3 . Such a low absorption coefficient turns out to be lower than that of the orange crystals grown in [23] and [24], which exhibit  abs ( 550 nm)  2.5 cm -1 . The refractive index at 650 nm, obtained from 1+(1-T 2 ) 1/2 /T (no Fresnel losses), is  1.96, close to the value ~ 1.91 given in [25] and to the values 1.87 -2.01 (taking into account biaxiality of the material) obtained in [15] for the wavelengths 406 -655 nm.…”