The effect of fruit on the extracellular enzyme profiles of fungi

Abstract

Introduction. In recent years, the number of diseases caused by fungal pathogens has increased significantly. Many species of fungi are pathogenic for plants, causing a threat to food production and to humans, and are among the causes of chronic diseases. Objective. The aim of the study is to determine the enzyme profiles of fungi, depending on the different types of fruit with which they have contact, and to determine the differences in these profiles in relation to the substrate on which they are grown. Materials and method. Six strains of fungi identified as Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Fusarium poae, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium verucosum and Acremonium strictum, isolated from fruits, were selected and analyzed for enzymatic profiles. The enzymatic activity was assessed using the API ZYM test (bioMerieux, France). Results. In the majority of the 6 fungal strains isolated from fruits, enzymes belonging to glycol-hydrolases were the most active. The exception was Acremonium strictum, where phosphatases dominated. Among most fungal isolates, the enzymes β-glucosidase and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase showed the highest activity. The highest β-glucosidase activities were found in Cladosporium sphaerospermum and Penicillium expansum. On the other hand, lipase, α-fucosidase and α-chymotrypsin showed the least activity. The least activity of these enzymes or their complete absence was observed in Fusarium poae, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium expansum and Acremonium strictum. Conclusions. The activity of hydrolytic enzymes in the isolated fungi depended on the addition of fruit and the type of medium. Individual fruits can increase or decrease the activity of the enzymes. Fungi present in fruit have pathogenic properties and can be possible risk factors for fungal infections.

Physiological response of chestnuts (Castanea mollissima Blume) infected by pathogenic fungi and their correlation with fruit decay

“…The higher the enzyme activity was, the stronger the invasion ability of the CWDEs, indicating that β-Glu, β-Gal and Cx had the stronger invasion ability to chestnuts. Among them, the activity of β-Glu was higher than that of the other five CWDEs, as reported by Farian, Cholewa, Cholewa, Matczuk, and Angelina (2020) , indicating that β-Glu played a crucial role in the fungal infection process of chestnuts. Additionally, the activities of CWDEs of FPAC samples were higher than those of other samples after 8 d, inferring that three spoilage fungi could synergistically induce the secretion of CWDEs.…”