The effect of frequency of feeding on the response by growing pigs to supplements of free lysine

Batterham, E. S.; O'Neill, GH

doi:10.1079/bjn19780036

Cited by 67 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…This question was raised by Batterham and examined by him in several experiments (Batterham, 1974;Batterham and O'Neill, 1978). These showed that when pigs were given food once daily only, free lysine was considerably less effective than when it was given more often, though not without effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The responses of growing pigs to dietary lysine, as free lysine hydrochloride or in soya-bean meal, and the influence of food intake

Fuller¹,

Wood²,

Brewer³

et al. 1986

Anim. Sci.

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One hundred and ninety-two individually fed pigs, half of them castrated males and half females, were used to examine the effects of reducing the concentration of dietary lysine below the value of 0-84 g/MJ digestible energy suggested by the Agricultural Research Council (1981). Lysine was varied by altering the inclusion of either free lysine hydrochloride or soya-bean meal. Over the whole experiment from 18 to 65 kg live weight, there were significant reductions in live-weight gain and increases in food.-gain ratio in response to reducing lysine concentration; these changes were greater with soya-bean meal than with free lysine. During later growth (45 to 65 kg) alterations in lysine concentration had no significant effect.For pigs given soya-bean supplements, both the live weights after fasting and the carcass weights were significantly lower than for those given free lysine hydrochloride, suggesting that at least part of the difference in growth between pigs given free lysine hydrochloride and soya-bean was attributable to this difference. The food required per kg carcass weight gain, or per kg lean tissue gain, was not affected by the source of lysine.In a subsidiary experiment using nitrogen balance, supplements of five amino acids in addition to lysine did not increase nitrogen retention, providing further evidence that lysine was the only amino acid responsible for the response seen with soya-bean meal. It was concluded that for growing pigs with daily food intakes of 1-5 to 1-8 kg, a lysine concentration of at least 0-81 g/MJ digestible energy is required to maximize performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The responses of growing pigs to dietary lysine, as free lysine hydrochloride or in soya-bean meal, and the influence of food intake

Fuller¹,

Wood²,

Brewer³

et al. 1986

Anim. Sci.

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show abstract

“…In fast-growing, milk-fed calves, an increase in the number of meals resulted in greater protein deposition with rapidly digestible protein (8) but not with slowly digestible protein (9). Similarly, growing pigs deposited proteinbound AA more efficiently than crystalline AA when fed once daily, but not when fed 6 meals/d (10,11). Crystalline AA are indeed absorbed shortly after feeding, whereas protein-bound AA need to be hydrolyzed prior to absorption, which causes a delay in absorption (12,13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Asynchronous Supply of Indispensable Amino Acids Reduces Protein Deposition in Milk-Fed Calves3

Borne

Alferink

Heetkamp

et al. 2012

The Journal of Nutrition

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A balanced supply of indispensable amino acids (AA) is required for efficient protein synthesis. Different absorption kinetics (e.g., free vs. protein-bound AA) may, however, create asynchrony in postabsorptive availability of individual AA, thereby reducing the efficiency of protein deposition. We studied the effects of AA asynchrony on protein metabolism in growing, milk-fed calves. In 2 experiments, each with a change-over design including 8 calves, a milk replacer deficient in Lys and Thr was used. In Expt. 1, L-Lys and L-Thr were parenterally supplemented, either in synchrony (SYN), asynchrony (ASYN), or partial asynchrony (PART) with dietary AA. In Expt. 2, l-Lys and l-Thr were orally supplemented, either in SYN or ASYN with dietary AA. In Expt. 1, digested protein was used less efficiently for growth for ASYN (31.0%) than for SYN (37.7%), with PART being intermediate (36.0%). Indicator AA oxidation tended (P = 0.06) to be higher for ASYN. In Expt. 2, the efficiency of protein utilization was lower for ASYN (34.9%) than for SYN (46.6%). Calves spared AA from oxidation when the limiting AA were provided in excess after a short period (<24 h) of deprivation. Restoring AA balance by parenteral supplementation resulted in a 19% lower efficiency of digestible protein utilization than by oral supplementation, likely caused by splanchnic oxidation of imbalanced AA in excess to Thr. In conclusion, asynchronous availability of individual indispensable AA reduces the efficiency by which digested protein is retained in milk-fed calves. Furthermore, an AA imbalance in the splanchnic tissues may result in disproportionate AA oxidation.

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“…It has been shown, however, that amino acids can be absorbed more rapidly as short peptide than as free amino acids and, therefore, free lysine may not be absorbed as rapidly as expected because no digestion is required before absorption (Buraczewski, 1980). The results of the studies by Batterham (1974) and Batterham and O'Neill (1978) have been confirned in a later performance trial (Batterham and Murison, 1981), in which they suggested that the current estimates of the lysine requirement of pigs that are based on responses to supplements of crystalline lysine under once daily feeding regimens may be 10 to 30% overestimated, as a result of incomplete utilization.…”

Section: Factors That Influence Dietary Amino Acid Requirements For Gmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The effect of frequency of feeding has been studied by Batterham (1974) and Batterham and O'Neill (1978). They reported that pigs fed once daily diets, supplemented with 2 g or 4 g synthetic lysine/kg diet utilized the lysine only 43% and 69% as efficiently, respectively as did pigs fed frequently (6 times daily).…”

Section: Factors That Influence Dietary Amino Acid Requirements For Gmentioning

confidence: 99%

Threonine requirement of the weanling pig and amino acid balance studies with pigs and chicks

Rosell

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The effect of frequency of feeding on the response by growing pigs to supplements of free lysine

Cited by 67 publications

References 6 publications

The responses of growing pigs to dietary lysine, as free lysine hydrochloride or in soya-bean meal, and the influence of food intake

The responses of growing pigs to dietary lysine, as free lysine hydrochloride or in soya-bean meal, and the influence of food intake

Asynchronous Supply of Indispensable Amino Acids Reduces Protein Deposition in Milk-Fed Calves3

Threonine requirement of the weanling pig and amino acid balance studies with pigs and chicks

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