The effect of forced ventilation by using two movable fans on thermal smoke movement in a tunnel fire

A Critical Review of Fire Tests and Safety Systems in Road Tunnels: Limitations and Open Points

“…In case of a fire event, analyzing ventilation pressure around the fire area is crucial [90] in order to identify the best ventilation system to adopt [91]. In another study [92], full-scale exhaust smoke tests were performed to investigate the effects of forced longitudinal ventilation using two movable fans on the propagation characteristics of buoyancy-driven thermal smoke. The results are discussed based on longitudinal and vertical temperature measurements.…”

Perspectives of big experimental database and artificial intelligence in tunnel fire research

“…These real-scale tunnel fire tests demonstrated the important effects of fan position and wind speed on fire spread, temperature distribution, smoke distribution, and evacuation strategies. So far, researches have made lots of efforts to investigate the fundamental fire parameters, such as HRR, temperature distributions (Hu et al, 2006;Liu et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2016Wang et al, , 2015, ventilation performances (Feng et al, 2020;Yu et al, 2018;Zhou et al, 2019), and wind (Węgrzyński and Lipecki, 2018). Some of these results are listed in Table 3.…”

“…Key data of Real-or full-scale tunnel experiments (Feng et al, 2020;F. Guo et al, 2019;Hu et al, 2008Hu et al, , 2006Liu et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2015;Yu et al, 2018;Zhou et al, 2019).…”

Experimental study of heat exhaust efficiency with natural ventilation in tunnel fire: Impact of shaft height and heat release rate

“…Therefore, the ventilation system design is an important part of the whole design of a tunnel. The reasonable ventilation system can exhaust smoke from fire sources to the outside of a tunnel efficiently, or constraint the smoke in a certain area, which can ensure the safety of trapped people, and make time for rescue operations (Yoon et al, 2009;Zhou et al, 2019a).…”