The effect of foot wedging on electromyographic activity in the erector spinae and gluteus medius muscles during walking

Lower limb involvement in spinal function and low back pain

“…disorientation or mal-alignment of the pelvis, reflected in asymmetry in lower limb posture; -notably leg length inequality and compensatory changes at the feet i.e. pronation/supination and a resting asymmetry of the feet relative to the centre of gravity [2,4,29] B. weak gluteal muscles [6] C. tight hamstring and psoas muscles [5] D. tight quadratus lumborum [5] E. weak lower abdominal muscles including transversus abdominus [8] F. restricted motion at the hip joint [26].…”

Muscle-Activation Onset Times With Shoes and Foot Orthoses in Participants With Chronic Ankle Instability

“…12 Optimizing neuromuscular control of the hip muscles is considered crucial for lower extremity function. Researchers 29,31 have indicated that hip-muscle activity also may adapt to the use of foot orthoses. However, in accordance with the results of the uninjured participants, 14 no differences among conditions were observed in muscleactivation onset times of the hip muscles.…”

The association between self-reported low back pain and lower limb disability as well as the association between neck pain and upper limb disability

“…pronation/supination and a resting asymmetry of the feet relative to the center of gravity. [28][29][30] The patients with low back pain have weak gluteal muscles, tight hamstring, and psoas muscles and quadratus lumborum. [31] They also have weak lower abdominal muscles including transversus abdominus and restricted range of hip motion.…”