The effect of food dry matter intake on the flow of amino acids at the terminal ileum for rats fed an enzyme‐hydrolysed casein‐based diet

James, K. A. C.; Butts, Christine A.; Koolaard, J.; Donaldson, Helen E; Scott, Margaret F; Moughan, Paul J.

doi:10.1002/jsfa.1162

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In contrast, the daily flow of IAA end increased as FI increased. This is in agreement with James et al (2002), who observed an increase in the daily loss of all AA with increasing DMI in rats. Similar results were also reported by Butts et al (1993) and Hess and Seve (1999).…”

Section: Endogenous Lossessupporting

confidence: 93%

Effect of feed intake on endogenous losses and amino acid and energy digestibility by growing pigs1,2

Moter

Stein

2004

Journal of Animal Science

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An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of feed intake (FI) on endogenous losses and the digestibility of CP and AA by growing pigs. Six growing barrows (initial BW = 70.3 kg) had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum and were used in a 6 x 6 Latin square design. A soybean meal cornstarch-based diet and a N-free diet were formulated. Chromic oxide (0.25%; as-fed basis) was included in both diets as an inert marker. Each diet was provided at three different levels of FI. Feed intake level 1 was equal to the estimated energy requirement for maintenance of the pigs, whereas levels 2 and 3 were two or three times this amount, respectively. Each experimental period lasted 7 d. The initial 4 d of each period comprised an adaptation period to the experimental diets. On d 5, fecal samples were collected, while ileal digesta were collected during two 10-h periods on d 6 and 7. Between each experimental period, a corn-soybean meal-based diet (16% CP) was fed to all pigs for 7 d. The basal ileal endogenous losses (IAA(end)) of CP and AA were measured for each level of FI from pigs fed the N-free diet. Likewise, the apparent (AID) and standardized (SID) ileal digestibility coefficients for CP and AA in soybean meal were calculated for each level of FI. The total-tract digestibility coefficient of energy in the soybean meal-based diet also was calculated. The AID for CP and all indispensable AA except Lys, Met, and Thr increased (P < or =0.055) as FI increased. The IAA(end) of CP and all AA except Pro decreased linearly (P < 0.05) as FI increased when expressed as g/kg of DMI; however, the total daily IAA(end) increased as FI increased (linear, P < or =0.056) for all AA, except for Phe, Thr, Trp, Val, Cys, Gly, and Ser. The AA composition (% of CP) of endogenous protein was not affected by the level of FI, except for Arg, Thr, Pro, and Ser. As FI increased, the SID decreased linearly (P < 0.04) for CP and all AA, except Arg, Trp, Asp, Pro, and Tyr. The total-tract digestibility of energy was not influenced by the FI level. These results demonstrate that the FI level significantly influenced AID, SID, and IAA(end) for CP and AA. Therefore, pigs used to measure AA digestibility coefficients and IAA(end) should be fed at a level that is close to what is used under commercial conditions.

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Section: Endogenous Lossessupporting

confidence: 93%

Effect of feed intake on endogenous losses and amino acid and energy digestibility by growing pigs1,2

Moter

Stein

2004

Journal of Animal Science

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“…These observations appear to suggest that the endogenous AA flows, measured in relation to DM intake, may not be related to feed intake; further studies are needed to test this hypothesis. Published data on the effects of feed intake on endogenous AA flows in pigs have been contradictory (Butts et al 1993;Hess & Seve, 1999;James et al 2002). Studies by Angkanaporn et al (1997) have shown that the low feed intake in birds fed the GuC diet can be attributed to a direct effect of lysine deficiency and/or homoarginine per se on feed intake regulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous amino acid flow in the avian ileum: quantification using three techniques

Ravindran

Hew²,

Ravindran³

et al. 2004

Br J Nutr

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The aim of the present study was to compare the protein-free diet, guanidinated casein (GuC) and enzyme hydrolysed casein (EHC) methods for the quantification of endogenous amino acid (AA) flow in the avian ileum. Growing broiler chickens (5 weeks old) were used. All three assay diets were based on dextrose, and in the GuC and EHC diets GuC or EHC were the sole source of N. Endogenous AA flows determined with the use of protein-free diet were considerably lower (P, 0·05) than those determined by the GuC and EHC methods. The total endogenous AA flows determined by the GuC and EHC methods were almost 3-fold greater (P, 0·05) than those determined by the protein-free diet. The endogenous AA values obtained from GuC and EHC methods were similar (P. 0·05), except for the flow of arginine, which was lower (P, 0·05) in the EHC method. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid, threonine and glycine were the predominant endogenous AA present in digesta from the distal ileum. The contents of methionine, histidine and cystine were lower compared with other AA. The method of determination had no effect on the AA composition of endogenous protein, except for threonine, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine and cystine. The concentrations of threonine and arginine were lower (P, 0·05) and that of lysine was higher (P,0·05) with the EHC method compared with the other two methods. The concentration of glutamic acid was greater (P , 0·05) and that of cystine was lower (P, 0·05) in the EHC and GuC methods compared with the protein-free diet method. The results showed that the ileal endogenous flows of N and AA are markedly enhanced by the presence of protein and peptides, above those determined following feeding of a proteinfree diet. It is concluded that the use of EHC and GuC methods enables the measurement of ileal endogenous losses in chickens under normal physiological conditions.

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“…It should be noted that the mean feed intakes of the rats receiving the 200 g kg −1 zein diet were significantly greater than those for the rats receiving the other test diets. Dry matter intake has been shown to be linearly related to endogenous ileal amino acid flow 18, 19. Therefore, the endogenous ileal lysine flows determined in the present study were calculated on a dry matter intake basis, which would be expected to have accounted for the small differences in food intake between the rats receiving the different diets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

An effect of dietary protein content on endogenous ileal lysine flow in the growing rat

Hodgkinson¹,

Moughan²

2006

J Sci Food Agric

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The aim of this study was to determine whether dietary protein content influences endogenous ileal lysine flow in the growing rats. Male rats (n = 72; mean body weight 170 g) were given free access to experimental diets for 10 min each hour for 8 h each day. The rats received diets containing 50, 100, 150 or 200 g kg −1 zein for 8 days. Zein is virtually devoid of lysine and this allows a direct determination of gut endogenous lysine losses. The diets were supplemented with synthetic lysine and tryptophan for the first 6 days. Over the final 2 days of the 8-day period, synthetic lysine and tryptophan were given to the rats via intraperitoneal injections. The rats were euthanized on day 8 and digesta were sampled from the terminal ileum. Digesta were pooled to give a total of six digesta samples for each experimental diet and the flows of endogenous lysine at the terminal ileum were determined by reference to the marker, chromic oxide. Increasing the amount of zein in the diet led to a significant (P < 0.001) increase in the mean flow of endogenous lysine through the terminal ileum from 391 to 558 µg g −1 dry matter intake (overall SEM = 33.3) when the rats received diets containing 50 and 200 g kg −1 zein, respectively.

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The effect of food dry matter intake on the flow of amino acids at the terminal ileum for rats fed an enzyme‐hydrolysed casein‐based diet

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Effect of feed intake on endogenous losses and amino acid and energy digestibility by growing pigs1,2

Effect of feed intake on endogenous losses and amino acid and energy digestibility by growing pigs1,2

Endogenous amino acid flow in the avian ileum: quantification using three techniques

An effect of dietary protein content on endogenous ileal lysine flow in the growing rat

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