The effect of foaming process with supercritical <scp>CO<sub>2</sub></scp> on the morphology and properties of <scp>3D</scp> porous polylactic acid scaffolds

Athanasoulia, Ioanna‐Georgia; Louli, Vasiliki; Schinas, P.; Rinotas, Vagelis; Douni, Eleni; Tarantili, P. A.; Μαγουλάς, Κωνσταντίνος

doi:10.1002/pen.26020

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(86 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Their results showed decreased cell wall thickness and increased cell size and cell density with increased saturation pressure. Athanasoulia et al [145] studied the effect of the depressurization rate on the structure of PLA foams prepared by batch foaming with supercritical CO 2 . Foams with a thin wall pore structure and characterized by anisotropy, with a pore diameter ranging from 100 to 650 µm, were obtained when supercritical CO 2 was instantaneously depressurized.…”

Section: Pressure-induced Batch Foamingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forefront Research of Foaming Strategies on Biodegradable Polymers and Their Composites by Thermal or Melt-Based Processing Technologies: Advances and Perspectives

Gonçalves,

Reis,

Fernandes

2024

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The last few decades have witnessed significant advances in the development of polymeric-based foam materials. These materials find several practical applications in our daily lives due to their characteristic properties such as low density, thermal insulation, and porosity, which are important in packaging, in building construction, and in biomedical applications, respectively. The first foams with practical applications used polymeric materials of petrochemical origin. However, due to growing environmental concerns, considerable efforts have been made to replace some of these materials with biodegradable polymers. Foam processing has evolved greatly in recent years due to improvements in existing techniques, such as the use of supercritical fluids in extrusion foaming and foam injection moulding, as well as the advent or adaptation of existing techniques to produce foams, as in the case of the combination between additive manufacturing and foam technology. The use of supercritical CO2 is especially advantageous in the production of porous structures for biomedical applications, as CO2 is chemically inert and non-toxic; in addition, it allows for an easy tailoring of the pore structure through processing conditions. Biodegradable polymeric materials, despite their enormous advantages over petroleum-based materials, present some difficulties regarding their potential use in foaming, such as poor melt strength, slow crystallization rate, poor processability, low service temperature, low toughness, and high brittleness, which limits their field of application. Several strategies were developed to improve the melt strength, including the change in monomer composition and the use of chemical modifiers and chain extenders to extend the chain length or create a branched molecular structure, to increase the molecular weight and the viscosity of the polymer. The use of additives or fillers is also commonly used, as fillers can improve crystallization kinetics by acting as crystal-nucleating agents. Alternatively, biodegradable polymers can be blended with other biodegradable polymers to combine certain properties and to counteract certain limitations. This work therefore aims to provide the latest advances regarding the foaming of biodegradable polymers. It covers the main foaming techniques and their advances and reviews the uses of biodegradable polymers in foaming, focusing on the chemical changes of polymers that improve their foaming ability. Finally, the challenges as well as the main opportunities presented reinforce the market potential of the biodegradable polymer foam materials.

show abstract

Section: Pressure-induced Batch Foamingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forefront Research of Foaming Strategies on Biodegradable Polymers and Their Composites by Thermal or Melt-Based Processing Technologies: Advances and Perspectives

Gonçalves,

Reis,

Fernandes

2024

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[18,19] During foaming process, it is difficult for insufficient melt strength to effectively support cell growth, resulting in poor foaming behavior characterized by cells wall rupture, structural collapse, and low expansion ratio. [20,21] It is an effective strategy to improve the melt strength of TPAE by incorporating a chain extender (CE), which a vast array of active groups of chain extenders could react with the terminal carboxyl groups and amino groups of TPAE, contributing to the strong molecular entanglement. [22][23][24] In the report of Ma et al, [11] the incorporation of epoxy-type chain extender (KL-E4370) brought about the increase of melt viscoelasticity and the reduction of crystallinity of TPAE, which was beneficial for the microcellular foaming of TPAE.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Foaming behavior of polyamide 1212 elastomers/polyurethane composites with improved melt strength and interfacial compatibility via chain extension

Lai

Huang

et al. 2023

Polymer Engineering & Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Long carbon chain thermoplastic polyamide elastomer (TPAE) with PA1212 as hard segment and polytetrahydrofuran as soft segment was synthesized successfully. Subsequently, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) incorporated to compensate for the high cost of TPAE and improved the foaming performance, in which a chain extender (ADR) was applied to enhance melt strength and interfacial compatibility simultaneously. The effect of ADR content on the mechanical, thermal, rheological, and foaming properties of TPAE/TPU composites were investigated in detail. It was found that the composite foams showed a more perfect cell structure, high cell density, and increased expansion ratio because of the enhanced melt strength and interfacial compatibility, when ADR was incorporated. With the increase of ADR content, the cell size and expansion ratio of the composite foams with TPU content of 30% showed a trend of first increasing and the following decreasing. The cell size reached a maximum value when the content of ADR was 2%, which was 25.81 μm. Consequently, the obtained TPAE/TPU composite foams showed an outstanding compressive modulus and resilient performance to broaden its application in footwear industry.

show abstract

Fabrication magnetic composite scaffolds with multi-modal cell structure for enhanced properties using supercritical CO2 two-step depressurization foaming process

Jiao,

Deng,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Polym. Bull.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The effect of foaming process with supercritical CO₂ on the morphology and properties of 3D porous polylactic acid scaffolds

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

Forefront Research of Foaming Strategies on Biodegradable Polymers and Their Composites by Thermal or Melt-Based Processing Technologies: Advances and Perspectives

Forefront Research of Foaming Strategies on Biodegradable Polymers and Their Composites by Thermal or Melt-Based Processing Technologies: Advances and Perspectives

Foaming behavior of polyamide 1212 elastomers/polyurethane composites with improved melt strength and interfacial compatibility via chain extension

Fabrication magnetic composite scaffolds with multi-modal cell structure for enhanced properties using supercritical CO2 two-step depressurization foaming process

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The effect of foaming process with supercritical CO2 on the morphology and properties of 3D porous polylactic acid scaffolds

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

Forefront Research of Foaming Strategies on Biodegradable Polymers and Their Composites by Thermal or Melt-Based Processing Technologies: Advances and Perspectives

Forefront Research of Foaming Strategies on Biodegradable Polymers and Their Composites by Thermal or Melt-Based Processing Technologies: Advances and Perspectives

Foaming behavior of polyamide 1212 elastomers/polyurethane composites with improved melt strength and interfacial compatibility via chain extension

Fabrication magnetic composite scaffolds with multi-modal cell structure for enhanced properties using supercritical CO2 two-step depressurization foaming process

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The effect of foaming process with supercritical CO₂ on the morphology and properties of 3D porous polylactic acid scaffolds