The effect of fluorescent nanodiamonds on neuronal survival and morphogenesis

Abstract

Nanodiamond (ND) has emerged as a promising carbon nanomaterial for therapeutic applications. In previous studies, ND has been reported to have outstanding biocompatibility and high uptake rate in various cell types. ND containing nitrogen-vacancy centers exhibit fluorescence property is called fluorescent nanodiamond (FND), and has been applied for bio-labeling agent. However, the influence and application of FND on the nervous system remain elusive. In order to study the compatibility of FND on the nervous system, neurons treated with FNDs in vitro and in vivo were examined. FND did not induce cytotoxicity in primary neurons from either central (CNS) or peripheral nervous system (PNS); neither did intracranial injection of FND affect animal behavior. The neuronal uptake of FNDs was confirmed using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. However, FND caused a concentration-dependent decrease in neurite length in both CNS and PNS neurons. Time-lapse live cell imaging showed that the reduction of neurite length was due to the spatial hindrance of FND on advancing axonal growth cone. These findings demonstrate that FNDs exhibit low neuronal toxicity but interfere with neuronal morphogenesis, and should be taken into consideration when applications involve actively growing neurites (e.g. nerve regeneration).

Nanodiamonds on tetrahedral amorphous carbon significantly enhance dopamine detection and cell viability

“…Low concentrations NDs are typically considered biocompatible (Schrand et al 2007a, Huang et al 2014), but unattached nanoparticles can have toxic effects to cells at high concentrations (>50 µg/ml (Solarska-Ściuk et al 2014) >200 µg/ml (Thomas et al 2012)), mainly due to their easy penetration into cells. The effect of interaction seems to depend on the type of nanoparticles, their size, concentration, and time of incubation and also on cell type.…”

Nanodiamenty: unikalne nanocząsteczki do zastosowania w biomedycynie i biotechnologii

“…w postaci zawiesiny lub hydrozolu) i różną drogą (np. doustną, dootrzewnową, dożylną, podskórną lub topikalną) [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60]. Badania prowadzone przez nasz zespół wykazały, że NDs aplikowane drogą iniekcji do hemolimfy lub na powierzchnię kutikuli, nie powodowały apoptozy hemocytów chrząszcza Tenebrio molitor i były fagocytowane przez te komórki [50].…”

“…Podobnie, żadnych efektów ubocznych nie zaobserwowano w przeciągu sześciu miesięcy od dożylnego wprowadzenia NDs szczurom oraz przedstawicielom rzędu naczelnych, z gatunku Macaca fascicularis [58]. Badania neurotoksyczności in vitro i in vivo u myszy na etapie rozwoju zarodkowego nie wykazały toksycznego działania NDs na komórki układu nerwowego [59]. Z kolei testy prowadzone na zarodkach danio pręgowanego wykazały dawko-zależny wpływ NDs na przeżywalność, wylęgalność, rytm pracy serca oraz aktywność lokomotoryczną, jednak zaobserwowane zmiany nie były istotne statystycznie [60].…”

miR6236, a microRNA suppressed by the anisotropic surface topography, regulates neuronal development and regeneration

“…For the effect of surface topography on neurons, the field is filled with studies using numerous materials with various surface topography, these include nanoscopic roughness [e.g. nanodiamonds (NDs), beads, and others (Brunetti et al, 2010;Cyster et al, 2004;Edgington et al, 2013;Huang et al, 2014;Kang et al, 2012b;Kang et al, 2014;Khan et al, 2005;Thalhammer et al, 2010)], anisotropic pattern [e.g. ridges, grooves, gratings, and electrospun fibers (Baranes et al, 2012;Clark et al, 1991;Huang et al, 2018;Johansson et al, 2006;Kang et al, 2012a;Kang et al, 2011;Nagata et al, 1993;Nikkhah et al, 2012;Patel et al, 2007;Rajnicek and McCaig, 1997;Schnell et al, 2007;Tonazzini et al, 2014;Webb et al, 1995;Xie et al, 2009;Yang et al, 2005)], and isotropic pattern [e.g.…”