The Effect of Flowable Composite Resins on Periodontal Health, Cytokine Levels, and Immunoglobulins

Abstract

Objective. This study investigated the effects of flowable resin composites (FCR) on the restoration of noncarious cervical lesions (NCCL) and their impact on periodontal tissues. Materials and Methods. 30 periodontally healthy patients were assigned into three groups randomly; group VF: self-adhering FCR, group NF: fluoride-releasing FCR, and group SF: microhybrid FCR. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG), immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM), and interleukins (IL-1, IL-1β, and IL-10) in GCF were analyzed with ELISA tests. Clinical success rates were evaluated using USPHS criteria during the 12-month follow-up. Results. The GCF volume was increased mostly in group SF ( 1.34 ± 0.09 μ l ). While the titer of interleukin was increased in all groups, higher increases were observed in IL-1 and IL-1β in group NF (170.78 pg/ml and 39.35 pg/ml). Increased IL-10 was observed in group VF ( 14.33 ± 0.85 pg / ml ). IgA levels varied partially among all groups ( p > 0.05 ), and even IgM levels were elevated immediately after the restoration process but returned to normal on the 28th day ( p < 0.05 ). Group NF failed in most of the USPHS criteria, while the material group VF and group SF presented acceptable results except in the marginal adaptation criterion ( p < 0.05 ). Conclusions. Clinical efficacy of self-adhering FCR was found the best for restoration of NCCL while fluoride-releasing FCR stimulated the periodontal response and had negative effects on GCF volume, cytokine, and immunoglobulin levels.

Using Flowable Composite as Gingival Retraction Cord in Prosthodontics Dentistry: Two Case Reports: A Dental Technique

“…A recent study showed that fluoride-releasing flowable composite resins can initiate an inflammatory process when done as class v filling near the periodontium, as it increases gingivo clavicular fluid (GCF) and interleukin (IL) levels [26]. The characteristics of flowable composite as a cavity liner (marginal seal and reduced micro leakage at the gingival margin) are still under debate [27].…”

Gingival crevicular fluid and peri-implant sulcus fluid

“…12,13,14 , electrolytes 9,15 , bacterial metabolic products 16 , host and bacterial enzymes, and enzyme inhibitors such as acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase 17 , cytokines 18,19,20 and immunoglobulins. 21,22 It has also been found that systemically administered drugs pass into the GCF. 23,24,25 Gingival Crevicular Fluid Collection Methods Three basic methods for obtaining GCF have been described 4 ;…”