The Effect of Fish Oil-Based Foods on Lipid and Oxidative Status Parameters in Police Dogs

Abstract

The synthesis, degradation, and reconstruction of the cell membrane as a metabolic pathway of phospholipids is a constant and dynamic process. Fatty acids as bioactive lipid components of plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids as structural lipids have biological roles in the integrity of cell membranes. Fatty acids, depending on the chain length, the degree of saturation, and the synthesis pathways, can alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress caused by excessive exercise. Considering that changing food intake or diet can influence fatty acid phospholipid metabolism, our study aimed to determine the potential benefits of fish-based diets in working (police) dogs undergoing intensive training concerning bioactive lipids such as fatty acids, phospholipids of plasma, and erythrocytes. Fatty acid esters’ composition of plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids as a bioactive lipids, in addition to markers of oxidative stress and metabolic parameters, were analysed by GC chromatography. The food was well tolerated by all dogs, and the compliance to the diet was high throughout the study. After the treatment with fish-based food, blood glucose, total, and LDL cholesterol levels were significantly reduced, indicating positive biochemical profiles of dogs. Correlations of fatty acid phospholipid compositions between plasma and erythrocytes have shown that both plasma and erythrocytes could represent markers of omega-3 eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid intake levels in dogs. Morover, fish-based food supplementation caused a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation markers. The enrichment of dogs’ diets with marine fish could improve oxidative status and improve roles and status of bioactive lipids, such as membrane phospholipids and fatty acids, as its components in plasma and erythrocytes in police dogs exposed to intensive exercise.

Dietary Strategies for Relieving Stress in Pet Dogs and Cats

“…The antioxidative effect of PUFAs is achieved through either the component of cell membranes to decrease their sensitivity to free radicals, or boosting the endogenous antioxidative system (e.g., increasing cellular concentration of super oxide dismutase or gluthatione peroxidase) [ 165 ]. Feeding fish oil, which is rich in omega-3 PUFAs, to police dogs can promote the activities of GPx and CAT, and reduce the levels of blood glucose, and total and LDL cholesterol, indicating that fish oil can improve the antioxidant capacity and alleviate oxidative stress caused by strenuous exercise in dogs [ 117 ]. Additionally, due to its critical role in the development and function of the central nervous system, PUFAs are often included in brain protection formulae, which have been shown to improve the cognitive function and behavioral health of cats [ 158 ] and dogs [ 132 , 159 , 166 ].…”

Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profiles of Plasma and Erythrocyte Membranes in Dogs Fed with Commercial Granulated Food

“…Analyzed biochemical parameters such as triglycerides and plasma cholesterol did not show sta s cal signifi cance in the plasma of canines treated with two diff erent diets. Although there were some changes in LDL cholesterol, previously reported by Ravic et al [16].…”

PPARγ As a Potential Target for Adipogenesis Induced by Fine Particulate Matter in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes

“…45 The synthesis, degradation, and reconstruction of phospholipids within the bilayer membrane is a constant and highly dynamic process. 46 Membrane integrity may thus be compromised due to physical changes to 3T3-L1 cells caused by lipid droplet accumulation, 45 which was more pronounced in the PM 2.5 group. Therefore, an increase in membrane lipids (e.g., PI, PC, and PE) may help to maintain the structure and function of cell membranes.…”

“…, Rosi and perfluorooctanoic acid) have also been shown to significantly increase PC in liver cells as a physiological response to adipogenesis . The synthesis, degradation, and reconstruction of phospholipids within the bilayer membrane is a constant and highly dynamic process . Membrane integrity may thus be compromised due to physical changes to 3T3-L1 cells caused by lipid droplet accumulation, which was more pronounced in the PM 2.5 group.…”