The effect of female hormone in otosclerosis. A comparative study and speculation about their effect on the ossicular chain based on the clinical results

Ricci, Giampietro; Gambacorta, Valeria; Lapenna, Ruggero; Volpe, Antonio Della; Mantia, Ignazio La; Ralli, Massimo; Stadio, Arianna Di

doi:10.1007/s00405-022-07295-w

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The reason for the fluctuating auditory symptoms in our patient is unclear, but it is possible that the external sound stimulus or pressure changes might have affected endolymphatic dynamics by allowing sound transmission through the round window membrane but precluding the spread of sound waves through the oval window due to the fixed footplate. Another possible reason for fluctuating auditory symptoms is a potential progression in the stapedial tendon ossification by an unnoticed infection, inflammation or hormonal change[ 13 ]. Once middle ear malformation is clinically suspected, it can be diagnosed by temporal bone CT and exploratory tympanotomy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital stapes suprastructure fixation presenting with fluctuating auditory symptoms: A case report

Choi¹,

Park²,

Kim³

et al. 2023

World J Clin Cases

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BACKGROUND Stapes ankylosis is a rare cause of conductive hearing loss, and stapes suprastructure fixation is extremely rare with fewer than 30 reported cases. Patients usually visit the clinic with non-progressive conductive hearing loss that typically began in the early years of life. CASE SUMMARY Herein, we report a case of a 37-year-old female with an isolated stapedial suprastructure fixation. The patient presented with unusual fluctuating auditory symptoms of tinnitus, ear fullness and mixed hearing loss. Pre-operative temporal bone computed tomography findings and operative findings revealed an isolated stapedial suprastructure fixation with monopod stapes caused by elongated pyramidal eminence. The hearing threshold recovered completely, and fluctuating auditory symptoms disappeared after the surgery. CONCLUSION This is the first report of stapedial suprastructure fixation with fluctuating auditory symptoms. Successful results are expected with surgical treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital stapes suprastructure fixation presenting with fluctuating auditory symptoms: A case report

Choi¹,

Park²,

Kim³

et al. 2023

World J Clin Cases

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“…Similar to those observed in different malignancies, also in otosclerosis there is a protection induced by sexual hormones [ 26 ]. Despite this protection, many authors found out that females are affected twice as often as males [ 2 , 20 , 27 , 28 ]. In this study, women represented 77% of cases, with a 3.34:1 female to male ratio.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Otosclerosis under the magnifying glass

Vîrzob¹,

Cloşca²,

Poenaru³

et al. 2023

Rom J Morphol Embryol

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Otosclerosis is a bone condition affecting the stapes bone within the otic capsule, and its exact cause is still unknown. It is characterized by a lack of proper remodeling of newly formed vascular and woven bone, leading to the development of abnormal osteons and the formation of sclerotic bone. Bilateral otosclerosis is seen in 80% of patients and 60% of otosclerosis patients have a family history of the condition. The etiology of this disease is still unknown, there are lots of theories to explain it. The histopathological (HP) studies of otosclerosis showed that osteoblasts, osteoclasts, vascular proliferation, fibroblasts, and histiocytes were observed in the stapes footplate. The onset of the symptoms occurs by the early third decade of life, usually it doesn’t start later. In otosclerosis, the energy exerted by sound at the level of the tympanic membrane is reduced in the inner ear due to the fixation and rigidity of the ossicular chain, leading to hearing loss, especially for low frequencies. The primary clinical symptom of otosclerosis is conductive hearing loss but it is important to note that sensorineural hearing loss and mixed hearing loss can also occur as secondary symptoms of the condition. Another symptom present in patients with otosclerosis is tinnitus. The paper carried out a retrospective study of 70 patients diagnosed with otosclerosis in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Emergency City Hospital, Timişoara, Romania, between January 2021 to December 2022. Tissue fragments were processed at Service of Pathology by standard Hematoxylin–Eosin staining. The HP diagnosis was completed using Masson’s trichrome staining, Giemsa histochemical staining, and immunohistochemical (IHC) reactions with anti-cluster of differentiation (CD)20, anti-CD3, anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-CD34, and anti-CD31 antibodies. The microscopic examination showed a chronic diffuse inflammatory infiltrate that consisted predominantly of mature T-lymphocytes, immunohistochemically positive for CD3, CD4 and CD8. There were also present rare CD20-positive B-lymphocytes. Among the lymphocytes, relatively numerous mast cells were identified, highlighted histochemically by the Giemsa staining. They had numerous purple-violet intracytoplasmic granules. In the connective tissue support, a relatively rich vascular network was identified, consisting of hyperemic capillaries, highlighted immunohistochemically with anti-CD31 and anti-CD34 antibodies. Bone tissues trabeculae showed extensive areas of fibrosis. The collagen fibers were highlighted by Masson’s trichrome staining, being stained in green, blue, or bluish green.

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The audiogram: Detection of pure-tone stimuli in ototoxicity monitoring and assessments of investigational medicines for the inner ear

Prell

Brewer

Campbell

2022

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Pure-tone thresholds have long served as a gold standard for evaluating hearing sensitivity and documenting hearing changes related to medical treatments, toxic or otherwise hazardous exposures, ear disease, genetic disorders involving the ear, and deficits that develop during aging. Although the use of pure-tone audiometry is basic and standard, interpretation of thresholds obtained at multiple frequencies in both ears over multiple visits can be complex. Significant additional complexity is introduced when audiometric tests are performed within ototoxicity monitoring programs to determine if hearing loss occurs as an adverse reaction to an investigational medication and during the design and conduct of clinical trials for new otoprotective agents for noise and drug-induced hearing loss. Clinical trials using gene therapy or stem cell therapy approaches are emerging as well with audiometric outcome selection further complicated by safety issues associated with biological therapies. This review addresses factors that must be considered, including test-retest variability, significant threshold change definitions, use of ototoxicity grading scales, interpretation of early warning signals, measurement of notching in noise-induced hearing loss, and application of age-based normative data to interpretation of pure-tone thresholds. Specific guidance for clinical trial protocols that will assure rigorous methodological approaches and interpretable audiometric data are provided.

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The effect of female hormone in otosclerosis. A comparative study and speculation about their effect on the ossicular chain based on the clinical results

Cited by 4 publications

References 37 publications

Congenital stapes suprastructure fixation presenting with fluctuating auditory symptoms: A case report

Congenital stapes suprastructure fixation presenting with fluctuating auditory symptoms: A case report

Otosclerosis under the magnifying glass

The audiogram: Detection of pure-tone stimuli in ototoxicity monitoring and assessments of investigational medicines for the inner ear

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