The effect of FeF3/TiF3 catalysts on the thermal and tribological performance of plain oil ZDDP under extreme pressure loading

Nehme, Gabi

doi:10.1016/j.wear.2011.11.004

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…, and it was found that lubricant deposited on the steel coupon surfaces after heating provided an increase in the water drop contact angle. These results were confirmed by previous paper, and it shows the importance of heated lubricant on surface modification according to Nehme . Tribological tests were run under moderate load to simulate cold start conditions of car engines or valve trains loading where most of the ZDDP could be effective.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Afterward, A Plint T53 SLIM modified ball on cylinder lubricity evaluator (Phoenix Tribology, England) was used for all tests. The protocol and procedure are established elsewhere (Nehme and Dib ; Nehme , ; Nehme and Dib ). The surface finish of the rings was examined using a profilometer (Mahr Perthometer M1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cylinders were dipped in the lubricant blend and treated @ 100°C for variable periods of time; the heating time at constant temperature provided good data when measuring the water drop contact angle which shows excellent surface modification at certain time duration as suggested by Elsenbaumer, et al . and Nehme that later was optimised by DOE software to calculate the exact time for treatment using several experiments and different fluorinated additives concentrations. When the cylinders were removed, they were set for exactly 5 h, to ensure small quantity of oil remaining on the surface for starved boundary lubrication testing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Friction and wear reductions in fluorinated plain and fully formulated oils through enhanced heating time using moderate loading under boundary lubrication conditions

Nehme

2016

Lubrication Science

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The use of fluorinated mix catalyst (titanium fluoride: TiF 3 + iron fluoride: FeF 3 ) with polytetrafluoroethylene: PTFE in engine oil is increasingly a strategy to improve fuel economy and component durability to simultaneously provide low friction and excellent wear protection. The influence of these additives shows promising results during load bearing capacity testing and long-term durability experiments. This paper addresses the enhancement of friction and wear performances of 0.1% and 0.05% phosphorus plain zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP) oil and fully formulated engine oil when heated to 100°C for specific time under thermal and tribological conditions for moderate pressure loading (1.9 GPa Hertzian pressure or 180 N) which simulate the cold start of a car under 700 rpm rotational speed or the valve trains loading where most of the ZDDP are applied.Tests were performed in a ball on cylinder tribometer under boundary lubrication conditions. Surface analyses were carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results showed that the anti-wear additives (2 wt. % PTFE + 0.5 wt. % FeF 3 + .5 wt. % TiF 3 ) provided excellent wear protection to 0.1% phosphorus plain and fully formulated oil when cylinder is immersed in the desired lubricant and heated for a predetermined time but performed poorly in 0.05% phosphorus fully formulated oil under the same conditions. The transform of anti-wear coated material to the worn surfaces, which was a function of the anti-wear performance of additives, was shown to have an influence on friction performance. The wear reducing effect, which was observed in fluorinated additives tribological tests, indicated a positive contribution and good tribofilm formations.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Friction and wear reductions in fluorinated plain and fully formulated oils through enhanced heating time using moderate loading under boundary lubrication conditions

Nehme

2016

Lubrication Science

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“…Studies indicate that in the presence of FeF 3 , decomposition is faster and that detergents also accelerate the deposition reaction [45]. Under extreme loading conditions, a mixed catalyst containing FeF 3 and TiF 3 and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and ZDDP resulted in a lower reaction temperature needed to induce film formation [46] and reduced wear scars compared to ZDDP alone [47]. Iron(III) fluoride, when heated with ZDDP, in addition to acting as a catalyst, reacts with ZDDP to form fluorinated phosphate esters based on the presence of an P-F signal in both the 19 F and 31 P NMR spectra.…”

Section: The Reaction Of Zddp At Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters and Metal Thiophosphates as Lubricant Additives

Johnson

Hils

2013

Lubricants

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Phosphate esters, thiophosphate esters and metal thiophosphates have been used as lubricant additives for over 50 years. While their use has been extensive, a detailed knowledge of how they work has been a much more recent development. In this paper, the use of phosphate esters and thiophosphate esters as anti-wear or extreme pressure additives is reviewed with an emphasis on their mechanism of action. The review includes the use of alkyl phosphates, triaryl phosphates and metal containing thiophosphate esters. The mechanisms of these materials interacting with a range of iron and steel based bearing material are examined.

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“…4,5 However, because of the recently increased attention to environmental and toxicological considerations, lubricating oil compositions that do not contain phosphorus or heavy metals are now sought.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Poly(glycerol-succinic acid)-dithiocarbamate and Poly(glycerol-succinic acid)-1,3,4-thiadiazole Dendrimers and Their Use as Anti-Wear Oil Additives

Kim¹,

Hoang²,

Kim³

et al. 2013

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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A series of poly(glycerol-succinic acid) dithiocarbamate and 1,3,4-thiadiazole dendrimers, which have potential as anti-wear oil additives, were synthesized. Their anti-wear properties in three different oils (100N, DB-51, and soybean) were evaluated using a four-ball wear tester. The results indicated that thiocarbamate dendrimers have moderate anti-wear properties in DB-51 oil, and 1,3,4-thiadiazole dendrimers exhibited good anti-wear properties in 100N and DB-51 oils. However, dithiocarbamate and 1,3,4-thiadiazole dendrimers were not effective anti-wear additives in soybean oil.

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The effect of FeF3/TiF3 catalysts on the thermal and tribological performance of plain oil ZDDP under extreme pressure loading

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

Friction and wear reductions in fluorinated plain and fully formulated oils through enhanced heating time using moderate loading under boundary lubrication conditions

Friction and wear reductions in fluorinated plain and fully formulated oils through enhanced heating time using moderate loading under boundary lubrication conditions

Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters and Metal Thiophosphates as Lubricant Additives

Synthesis of Poly(glycerol-succinic acid)-dithiocarbamate and Poly(glycerol-succinic acid)-1,3,4-thiadiazole Dendrimers and Their Use as Anti-Wear Oil Additives

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