The effect of fat-coated organic acid salts and a feed enzyme on growth performance, nutrient utilization, microflora activity, and morphology of the small intestine in broiler chickens

Abstract

The efficacy of two fat-coated organic acid preparations added alone or in combination with a commercial feed enzyme to a wheat-and soyabean meal-based broiler diet was investigated. Fat-coated sodium butyrate (SB) and blend G composed of fumaric acid, calcium formate, calcium propionate and potassium sorbite were used. Each preparation was added at 1 g/kg diets cold pelleted. Two hundred 40-day-old Cobb broiler females were allocated to 6 groups, 40 in each, and fed experimental diets from the first day of life to slaughter. Histomorphometry of the jejunum and ileum was performed on eight 8-d-old chicks per group, performance was measured from day 8 to 21 of life on 16 chickens kept in individual cages per group, while the balance trial was conducted using 9 chickens per group. Measurements of digesta pH in the crop, stomach, jejunum and caecum were taken in 30-day-old birds. Additionally, viscosity of ileal digesta and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in caecal digesta were determined.No effect of the feed additives on small intestinal morphology was found in the ileum, but in the jejunum blend G increased the villi height (P<0.001), crypt depth (P<0.01) and the width of the tunica muscularis (P<0.05). The added enzyme decreased villi width (P<0.05). The effect of SB on intestinal morphology was insignificant. The growth performance of birds fed diets supplemented with both SB and feed enzyme was increased in comparison with other experimental groups (P<0.05). Both preparations G and SB increased nitrogen retention, while enzyme supplementation increased organic matter digestibility and the AME N value of diets. Neither preparations G nor SB Animal and Feed Sciences, 18, 2009, 478-489 479 SMULIKOWSKA S. ET AL. affected ileal digesta viscosity, but this parameter decreased by 10% (P<0.05) following enzyme supplementation. The effect of additives on the pH of digesta was not significant, except enzyme supplementation, which decreased the pH (P<0.05) of jejunal digesta. Neither additive affected total short-chain fatty acids concentration in caecal digesta.

Butyric Acid as an Antibiotic Substitute for Broiler Chicken A Review

“…Similar comparable caecal pH was also recorded when 0.03 % fat coated SB (Smulikowska et al, 2009) and 0.1 % SB together with essential oil (Cerisuelo et al, 2014) were used in broiler ration.…”

“…Further, an increase in the villus height and villus height to crypt depth ratio are directly correlated with increased epithelial cell turnover (Fan et al, 1997) and an indicator of activated intestinal villi function (Langhout et al, 1999;Shamoto and Yamauchi, 2000) and it also stimulates intestinal blood flow. In addition, butyrate of stimulates cell growth and differentiation of normal cells and apoptosis (early cell death) of tumour cells which represents'butyrate paradox' (Canani et al, 2011).Previous studies showed increased jejunum villi height (Adil et al, 2010;Jerzsele et al, 2012;Chamba et al, 2014), villi height to crypt depth ratio (Hu and Guo, 2007;Shahir et al, 2013) and comparable crypt depth (Hu and Guo, 2007;Adil et al, 2010;Smulikowska et al, 2009;Chamba et al, 2014;Sayrafi et al, 2011;Antongiovanni et al, 2007) by supplementation of different forms of butyric acid. Lakshmi and Sunder (2015) 0.25 Liver weight + Aghazadeh and Yazdi (2012) It is clear from the Table 4 that inclusion of BA in broiler diet improves the weight of carcass indicating anabolic effect in broiler chicken.…”

Sodium butyrate in chicken nutrition: the dynamics of performance, gut microbiota, gut morphology, and immunity

“…Adil et al (2010) reported that dietary butyric acid (3% application rate) significantly increased the villus height in the duodenum and jejunum only. Similarly, many researchers have described the beneficial effect of dietary sodium butyrate on villi height and crypt depth in broilers at different phases of their growth (Antongiovanni et al, 2007;Mallo et al, 2012;Panda et al, 2009;Sayrafi et al, 2011;Smulikowska et al, 2009). On the contrary, some researchers did not find any effect of dietary sodium butyrate on villi height and crypt depth (Leeson et al, 2005).…”

Influence of Dietary Supplementation of Coated Sodium Butyrate and/or Synbiotic on Growth Performances, Caecal Fermentation, Intestinal Morphometry and Metabolic Profile of Growing Rabbits

“…In comparison with ruminants, proteolytic activity in the rabbit caecum is relatively higher (Gidenne, 1997). The lower recorded ammonia concentration in T1 and T3 group could be attributed to either increased nitrogen retention by enterocytes and colonocytes in these groups which may be connected with greater epithelial cell proliferation in gastrointestinal tract as suggested by Smulikowska et al (2009) or better ammonia utilization in liver for protein production, this seems true since albumen concentrations were increased in T1 and T3 groups. The decreased in caecal pH, the decreased in ammonia-N concentration and the higher VFA concentration suggest high fermentation activity, caecal microbial synthesis, gut health and high nitrogen retention.…”

“…This observation may be due to an increase in TVFA concentration reported in former groups. These short-chain carboxylic acids in the gastrointestinal tract of non-ruminants reflect the amount consumed and the rate of intraluminal production by anaerobic microorganisms from fermentable substrate (Smulikowska et al, 2009). These acids have a number of important regulatory functions related to gastrointestinal functionality, among others mucosal development, proliferation, differentiation, maturation and apoptosis of enterocytes and colonocytes (Mroz et al, 2006).…”