The Effect of Fasting Upon Lipogenesis in the Intact Rat

Bruggen, J.T. Van; Hutchens, T.T.; Claycomb, C.K.; Cathey, William J.; West, Edward S.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)55742-2

Cited by 64 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The effect of bile duct ligation is especially striking when all animals are fasted. The effect of fasting upon cholesterologenesis, as noted by others (22,23), is apparent in the controls. We have observed that the ligated animal eats less and loses more weight during the 48-hour postoperative period; and, in these experiments, we feel that a better comparison between ligated and sham animals is offered in the fasting series.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

The Effect of Ligation of the Common Bile Duct on Cholesterol Synthesis in the Rat

Fredrickson

Loud

Hinkelman

et al. 1954

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Obstruction of the biliary tract has long been known to be accompanied by hypercholesterolemia (1). This phenomenon has been studied in the rat by Chanutin and Ludewig (2) and, more extensively, by Byers, Friedman, and their colleagues (3-7). In a recent review the latter authors have mentioned possible mechanisms involved, including altered absorption, synthesis, excretion, and destruction of cholesterol (8).The purpose of the present study was to investigate by isotopic methods the effect of bile duct ligation on cholesterol synthesis in the rat. As indices of the rate of cholesterol synthesis we used the incorporation of carboyxl carbon from 1-C14-acetate, and hydrogen from tritium-labelled water, into cholesterol in the intact animal, in liver slices, or in cell-free homogenates.In all the systems which we employed, the rate of incorporation of these isotopes into cholesterol was increased following ligation of the common bile duct. EXPERIMENTALRats utilized in these studies were of the Sprague-Dawley and Wistar strains, both males and females, weighing between 140 and 320 gin., and unless otherwise specified, were maintained on a steroid-free, fat-free diet of the following composition: casein (vitamin-free) 125 gin., sucrose 355 gln., salt mixture "W" (9) 20 tim., choline chloride 500 rag., thiamine hydrochloride i0 rag., riboflavine 10 rag., pyridoxine hydrochloride 10 rag., nicotinic acid 10 nag., calcium-d-pantothenate 20 rag., and llnoleic acid 0.47 gin. All surgical procedures were performed under ether anesthesia. Ligations of the common bile duct were made with double silk ligatures. Maintenance of obstruction was determined at autopsy by the presence of a dilated, bile-filled duct proximal to the ligatures with no evidence of leakage. The peritoneal cavities of all control animals were opened and the intestines manipulated.Isolation and Assay of Cholesterol.---Cholesterol was isolated from fiver in the following manner: 0.5 gin. of liver was hydrolyzed in 2.5 ml. of a 15 per cent solution of KOtt in 95 per cent ethanol for 16 hours at 100°C. An equal volume of water was then added, followed by extraction with four 10 ml. portions of petroleum ether (b.p. 30-60°). The extracts were combined and taken to dryness on the steam bath, the residue was dissolved in 4 ml. of 1 : 1 acetone-

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

The Effect of Ligation of the Common Bile Duct on Cholesterol Synthesis in the Rat

Fredrickson

Loud

Hinkelman

et al. 1954

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…Generally, the cholesterol metabolic pathway is closely linked to the energy state of the cell, as cholesterol synthesis is nutritionally and energetically costly. Indeed, since over 70 years, it has been established that cholesterol synthesis is suppressed during fasting and induced upon refeeding 46,47 …”

Section: Endogenous Regulation Of Cholesterol Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, since over 70 years, it has been established that cholesterol synthesis is suppressed during fasting and induced upon refeeding. 46,47 Insulin serves as the primary hormone that stimulates hepatic lipogenesis in the fed state, triggering the activation of SREBPs and the liver X receptor (LXR). 48,49 Studies in mice have shown that hepatic insulin receptor deficiency is associated with reduced expression of cholesterologenic genes and cholesterol synthesis, including in the brain where cholesterol metabolism is independently regulated.…”

Section: Hormonal Control Of Cholesterol Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of cholesterol metabolism: New players for an old physiological process

Parente,

Tonini,

Segatto

et al. 2023

J of Cellular Biochemistry

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Identified more than two centuries ago, cholesterol plays a pivotal role in human physiology. Since cholesterol metabolism is a physiologically significant process, it is not surprising that its alterations are associated with several pathologies. The discovery of new molecular targets or compounds able to modulate this sophisticated metabolism has been capturing the attention of research groups worldwide since many years. Endogenous and exogenous compounds are known to regulate cellular cholesterol synthesis and uptake, or reduce cholesterol absorption at the intestinal level, thereby regulating cholesterol homeostasis. However, there is a great need of new modulators and diverse new pathways have been uncovered. Here, after illustrating cholesterol metabolism and its well‐known regulators, some new players of this important physiological process are also described.

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“…Cholesterol catabolism to the bile acids occurs primarily in the liver (Harold et al, 1955) Fasting depressed liver sterol synthesis to extremely low levels as measured m vitro in incubated liver slices (Tomkin and Chaikoff, 1952) or homogenates (Cayen, 1969). On the other hand, as measured vivo, fasting resulted in a reduction of sterol synthesis of about 50% as measured with [^^Cj-acetate (Gould et al, 1959;VanBruggen et al, 1952) 3 and 40% with H^O (Gould et al, 1959). Kandutsch and Saucier (1969) reported an almost tenfold increase in the conversion of acetate to cholesterol in liver slices of mice between 8:30 AM and 8:30 IM even though food was removed at 8 AM.…”

mentioning

confidence: 84%

Effects of dietary fat and protein on tissue cholesterol

Thatcher

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The Effect of Fasting Upon Lipogenesis in the Intact Rat

Cited by 64 publications

References 8 publications

The Effect of Ligation of the Common Bile Duct on Cholesterol Synthesis in the Rat

The Effect of Ligation of the Common Bile Duct on Cholesterol Synthesis in the Rat

Regulation of cholesterol metabolism: New players for an old physiological process

Effects of dietary fat and protein on tissue cholesterol

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