The Effect of Face-to-Face and Phone Call Motivational Interviewing on Cervical Cancer Screening

Abstract

BackgroundHaving regular screening tests largely depends on motivational factors. Motivational interviewing (MI) facilitates the movement through the stages of the transtheoretical model of change.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the effect of face-to-face and phone call MI on cervical cancer screening.MethodsThis experimental study was conducted on 150 eligible women referred to health centers in Tabriz, Iran. The women were assigned into 3 groups (face-to-face MI, phone MI, or control) using blocked randomization. The face-to-face MI group participated in 3 weekly group counseling sessions, and the motivational phone call group received 3 weekly phone calls. The participants completed the demographic and obstetric questionnaire and stages of change checklist. Adherence to Pap smear was checked, according to the health profile, 6 months after the intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS24 software. Chi-square, homogeneity test, and sequential logistic regression by the generalized estimating equations were used.ResultsAfter the intervention, about 32% women from the face-to-face MI group, 22% from the motivational phone call group, and 4% from the control group underwent Pap smear screening (P = .002). There was no significant difference between the 2 interventional groups in Pap smear frequency (P = .36).ConclusionThe study results indicated that both face-to-face and phone call MI are effective in motivating women to have a Pap smear. Further studies are recommended to consider long-term follow-up (3–5 years).Implications for PracticeIt is recommended that healthcare providers use motivational phone call to encourage cancer screening behaviors.

The Effect of Decision Aid on Satisfaction With Decision and Anxiety Among Women With Abnormal Cervical Screening Results

“…The decision support framework conceptualizes the support needed by patients, their families, and their physicians for "difficult" decisions with multiple options. 24 This type of decision-making is on the agenda in 2 key areas including medical ethics and health service research. 25,26 It guides clinicians and researchers to assess participants' decision-making needs, provide decision support interventions (clinical counseling and patient decision tools), and evaluate their effects on decision-making outcomes.…”

“…The decision support framework conceptualizes the support needed by patients, their families, and their physicians for “difficult” decisions with multiple options 24 . This type of decision-making is on the agenda in 2 key areas including medical ethics and health service research 25,26 .…”

“…18,19 Although some reviews suggest that decision aid-based interventions can increase decisional satisfaction and reduce anxiety among patients who encountered health dilemmas, 14,18 some studies paradoxically report that raising knowledge through decision-making intervention can increase anxiety among study participants. 19 Previous interventional studies have focused on the effect of interventions on changing breast and cervix cancer screening behavior in women, [20][21][22][23][24] and decision satisfaction and anxiety have not been assessed in women with abnormal cervical cytology. There is a lack of evidence relating to appropriate interventions for the unique situation experienced by women who have abnormal cervical cytology results.…”

“…Previous interventional studies have focused on the effect of interventions on changing breast and cervix cancer screening behavior in women, 20–24 and decision satisfaction and anxiety have not been assessed in women with abnormal cervical cytology. There is a lack of evidence relating to appropriate interventions for the unique situation experienced by women who have abnormal cervical cytology results.…”

Effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride versus sodium fluoride varnish combined with mother’s motivational interviewing for arresting early childhood caries: a randomized clinical trial

“…Fifteen mothers could not leave their homes to attend the face-to-face session after randomization and received MI over the phone at baseline. A previous study reported no significant differences between face-to-face and phone call MI [ 27 ]. The MI session started by establishing rapport and showing concern to get the mother to discuss her understanding of oral diseases, their impact on the child’s life and the child’s oral health status and oral healthcare.…”