The effect of extension and loading of the carpus on radial rotation

Bitton, Erez; Joseph, Rotem; Portman, Lena; Segev, Gilad; Meiner, Yaron; Shipov, Anna; Milgram, Joshua

doi:10.1111/j.1532-950x.2013.12071.x

Cited by 9 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The current understanding of the kinematics of the front limb suggests that, at the beginning of the stance phase, the distal radius is placed in pronation. 14,50,51 By convention, the torsion of a long bone is measured from proximal to distal, with the proximal reference line on the radial head being the "0" point. 29,35,39 Such positioning of the distal radius in dogs with MCD that have increased external RT would place the radial head in increased internal rotation at the beginning of the stance phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spectrum of proposed mechanisms offered for the etiology and pathophysiology of MCD include disturbance of endochondral ossification, axial overload of the MCP, and static or dynamic overloading of the humeroulnar or radioulnar joints . Although historically an axial overload of the MCP has been described as a cause of fragmented MCP (FMCP), other theories have recently challenged that mechanism as a cause of the FMCP . These alternative theories include overload caused by dynamic axial or rotational incongruity between the humerus, the radius, and ulna, or ligamentous instability across the joint .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Although historically an axial overload of the MCP has been described as a cause of fragmented MCP (FMCP), other theories have recently challenged that mechanism as a cause of the FMCP. 3,4,13,14 These alternative theories include overload caused by dynamic axial or rotational incongruity between the humerus, the radius, and ulna, or ligamentous instability across the joint. [13][14][15][16][17] Fitzpatrick et al 4 and others 18 proposed that torsional overload during pronation and supination along with osseous incongruity in the transverse plain could be responsible for the pathology noted at the radial incisure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3,4,13,14 These alternative theories include overload caused by dynamic axial or rotational incongruity between the humerus, the radius, and ulna, or ligamentous instability across the joint. [13][14][15][16][17] Fitzpatrick et al 4 and others 18 proposed that torsional overload during pronation and supination along with osseous incongruity in the transverse plain could be responsible for the pathology noted at the radial incisure. In that regard, recent in vivo radiosteriometric studies comparing dogs with MCD with healthy controls have shown that, although dogs with MCD exhibit an increased rotational motion of the humerus, the same animals do not show a difference in dynamic radioulnar incongruence compared with healthy controls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Radial torsion in dogs with medial compartment disease

Petkov¹,

Lesser²,

Lozier

et al. 2019

Veterinary Surgery

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Objective To evaluate the magnitude and direction of radial torsion (RT) in dogs with medial compartment disease (MCD). Study design Case‐control study. Sample population Twenty‐eight healthy dogs and 28 dogs with confirmed MCD. Methods Computed tomography images of each dog's antebrachium were evaluated. Radial torsion was measured by using previously described landmarks on the proximal and distal radius. Differences between groups were tested with Student's t tests and Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests. Results Healthy dogs had a mean RT angle of 3.44° (range, 1.28°‐5.44°). Dogs with MCD had a mean RT angle of 11.84° (range, 2.31°‐26.55°). Both groups included similar proportions of dogs with external (76% vs 77%) and internal (24% vs 23%) torsion. The direction of torsion (P = .21 and P = .69) did not appear to affect the magnitude of the RT angle. Conclusion Dogs with MCD had an increased RT angle compared with healthy controls. The direction of torsion varied similarly between groups regardless of the disease status of dogs in this study. Clinical significance The fourfold increase in the RT seen in dogs with MCD may contribute to the rotational overload proposed recently, potentially modifying the orientation of the elliptical radial head and the ligaments crossing the elbow joint.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Radial torsion in dogs with medial compartment disease

Petkov¹,

Lesser²,

Lozier

et al. 2019

Veterinary Surgery

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show abstract

“…The specimen was then removed from the alignment chamber, and a single sensor (Nest of Birds [NOB]; Ascension Technology Corporation, Burlington, Vermont) was rigidly attached to the tibia by using a 7‐mm‐diameter wooden dowel and PMMA. Motion of the tibia relative to the femur was measured by using the NOB electromagnetic tracking system as described previously . Briefly, this system generates an electromagnetic field around the joint‐testing machine, and by using dedicated software the movement (translations and rotations) of sensors within a magnetic field can be tracked.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy and tibial tuberosity advancement on passive laxity of the cranial cruciate deficient stifle in dogs

Ober

Factor²,

Meiner³

et al. 2019

Veterinary Surgery

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Objective: To evaluate the effect of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) and tibial tuberosity transposition (TTA) on craniocaudal stability of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) deficient stifle at 3 joint angles. Study design: Ex vivo biomechanical study. Sample population: Eight stifles from 4 dogs. Methods: One of the hind limbs was randomly assigned to undergo TPLO or TTA, with the contralateral limb assigned to the alternate procedure. Each specimen was tested with the stifle at 150 , 135 , and 120 of flexion. Cranial translation of the tibia relative to the femur was measured under cranial loads ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 kg with a single motion tracking sensor (Nest of Birds) fixed to the tibia. Each stifle was tested before and after transection of the CCL and after performing the assigned procedure. Results: Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy and TTA caused a decrease in the cranial translation of the tibia relative to the femur, especially at greater angles of flexion. Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy caused a greater decrease in tibial cranial translation and was associated with a degree of translation that did not differ from joints with intact CCL, regardless of the degree of stifle flexion. Conclusion: Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy and TTA caused an angle dependent decrease in craniocaudal translation of the tibia in the CCL deficient stifle. Only TPLO restored translations similar to those of the intact joint at all angles tested. Clinical impact: Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy and TTA provide passive stability to the stifle. Tibial plateau leveling osteotomy seems more effective than TTA at restoring craniocaudal stability of the stifle.

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The sesamoid bone in the long abductor muscle tendon of the first digit in the dog

Broeck

Stock

Duchateau

et al. 2021

The Anatomical Record

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The sesamoid bone in the tendon of the m. abductor digiti primi longus is considered present in most dog breeds and is described to be radiologically detectable at the level of the carpus from the age of 4 months. However, an extensive investigation of this sesamoid bone has not been conducted before. The aim of this study was therefore to determine its prevalence in different dog breeds, to describe its histological development, and to determine the age at which it becomes radiologically visible. The prevalence of the sesamoid bone was assessed on radiographic images of the carpus or by dissection of the carpal region in 743 adult dogs of 115 breeds. Its development was studied by dissection and histological analysis in 45 puppies and its timing of radiological appearance was evaluated in 209 puppies. At least one sesamoid bone was present in all adult dogs, except for 14 dogs of six breeds of predominantly the small breed category. The lowest prevalence rate of 38.46% was exhibited in the French bulldog. The histological development could be divided into five stages. The first radiographic appearance corresponded to the coalescence of smaller ossification centers into one big nucleus (stage 4). The mean time of radiographic appearance was 108.4 days. This study provides extensive data on the prevalence and timing of the radiographic appearance of a sesamoid at the carpus of the dog. The data on radiographic appearance may be helpful in the age estimation of puppies.

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The effect of extension and loading of the carpus on radial rotation

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Radial torsion in dogs with medial compartment disease

Radial torsion in dogs with medial compartment disease

Influence of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy and tibial tuberosity advancement on passive laxity of the cranial cruciate deficient stifle in dogs

The sesamoid bone in the long abductor muscle tendon of the first digit in the dog

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