The effect of exposure to particulate matter during pregnancy on lower respiratory tract infection hospitalizations during first year of life

Goshen, Sharon; Novack, Lena; Erez, Offer; Yitshak‐Sade, Maayan; Kloog, Itai; Shtein, Alexandra; Shany, Eilon

doi:10.1186/s12940-020-00645-3

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Previous studies have used mainly singlepollutant models. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] We identified two studies that used multipollutant models to estimate each pollutant's independent effects on the risk of LRTIs. 25 26 The results obtained using single pollutant models are likely to be influenced by residual confounding, as those do not take into account potential confounding and synergism between the effects of multiple pollutants.…”

Section: Validity Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal and early life exposure to air pollution and the risk of severe lower respiratory tract infections during early childhood: the Espoo Cohort Study

Belachew,

Rantala,

Jaakkola

et al. 2024

Occup Environ Med

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BackgroundThere is inconsistent evidence of the effects of exposure to ambient air pollution on the occurrence of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in early childhood. We assessed the effects of individual-level prenatal and early life exposure to air pollutants on the risk of LRTIs in early life.MethodsWe studied 2568 members of the population-based Espoo Cohort Study born between 1984 and 1990 and living in 1991 in the City of Espoo, Finland. Exposure assessment was based on dispersion modelling and land-use regression for lifetime residential addresses. The outcome was a LRTI based on data from hospital registers. We applied Poisson regression to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of LTRIs, contrasting incidence rates in the exposure quartiles to the incidence rates in the first quartile. We used weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression to estimate the joint effect of the studied air pollutants.ResultsThe risk of LRTIs during the first 2 years of life was significantly related to exposure to individual and multiple air pollutants, measured with the Multipollutant Index (MPI), including primarily sulphur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter with a dry diameter of up to 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposures in the first year of life, with an adjusted IRR of 1.72 per unit increase in MPI (95% CI 1.20 to 2.47). LRTIs were not related to prenatal exposure.ConclusionsWe provide evidence that ambient air pollution exposure during the first year of life increases the risk of LRTIs during the first 2 years of life. SO2, PM2.5and NO2were found to contribute the highest weights on health effects.

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Section: Validity Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal and early life exposure to air pollution and the risk of severe lower respiratory tract infections during early childhood: the Espoo Cohort Study

Belachew,

Rantala,

Jaakkola

et al. 2024

Occup Environ Med

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“…A meta-analysis combining 10 European birth cohorts identified an increased incidence of pneumonia with prenatal exposures to PM10 and NO 2 and increased otitis media with NO 2 exposure during the first 2 years of life [48]. In addition, an analysis of over 57 000 deliveries found an association between prenatal exposure to PM2.5 and increased hospitalizations for pneumonia or bronchiolitis in infancy [49].…”

Section: Impacts On Respiratory Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prebirth effects of climate change on children's respiratory health

Yadav

Pacheco

2023

Current Opinion in Pediatrics

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Purpose of reviewTo date, there is no evidence that humanity will implement appropriate mitigation measures to avoid the catastrophic impact of climate change on the planet and human health. Vulnerable populations such as pregnant women and children will be the most affected. This review highlights epidemiologic data on climate change-related prenatal environmental exposures affecting the fetus and children's respiratory health.Recent findingsResearch on outcomes of prenatal exposure to climate change-related environmental changes and pediatric pulmonary health is limited. In addition to adverse pregnancy outcomes known to affect lung development, changes in lung function, increased prevalence of wheezing, atopy, and respiratory infections have been associated with prenatal exposure to increased temperatures, air pollution, and maternal stress. The mechanisms behind these changes are ill-defined, although oxidative stress, impaired placental functioning, and epigenetic modifications have been observed. However, the long-term impact of these changes remains unknown.SummaryThe detrimental impact of the climate crisis on pediatric respiratory health begins before birth, highlighting the inherent vulnerability of pregnant women and children. Research and advocacy, along with mitigation and adaptation measures, must be implemented to protect pregnant women and children, the most affected but the least responsible for the climate crisis.

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“…Previous studies have focused on PM 2.5 exposure during pregnancy and birth outcome risks, including preterm birth, 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 low birth weight, 18 , 20 , 21 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 and stillbirth and late fetal death, 17 , 21 , 27 and certain childhood outcomes, such as respiratory diseases and impaired lung health. 13 , 28 , 29 , 30 However, to our knowledge, only 2 studies have evaluated the influence of PM 2.5 exposure in infancy on hospitalization or emergency department (ED) visit risk, with inconsistent results. 31 , 32 This association during early life is not often studied, as birth certificates and hospital admissions data are not commonly combined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have focused on PM 2.5 exposure during pregnancy and birth outcome risks, including preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth and late fetal death, and certain childhood outcomes, such as respiratory diseases and impaired lung health . However, to our knowledge, only 2 studies have evaluated the influence of PM 2.5 exposure in infancy on hospitalization or emergency department (ED) visit risk, with inconsistent results .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Air Pollution and Emergency Department Visits During the First Year of Life Among Preterm and Full-term Infants

et al. 2023

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ImportancePrevious studies have focused on exposure to fine particulate matter 2.5 μm or less in diameter (PM2.5) and on birth outcome risks; however, few studies have evaluated the health consequences of PM2.5 exposure on infants during their first year of life and whether prematurity could exacerbate such risks.ObjectiveTo assess the association of PM2.5 exposure with emergency department (ED) visits during the first year of life and determine whether preterm birth status modifies the association.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis individual-level cohort study used data from the Study of Outcomes in Mothers and Infants cohort, which includes all live-born, singleton deliveries in California. Data from infants’ health records through their first birthday were included. Participants included 2 175 180 infants born between 2014 and 2018, and complete data were included for an analytic sample of 1 983 700 (91.2%). Analysis was conducted from October 2021 to September 2022.ExposuresWeekly PM2.5 exposure at the residential ZIP code at birth was estimated from an ensemble model combining multiple machine learning algorithms and several potentially associated variables.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMain outcomes included the first all-cause ED visit and the first infection- and respiratory-related visits separately. Hypotheses were generated after data collection and prior to analysis. Pooled logistic regression models with a discrete time approach assessed PM2.5 exposure and time to ED visits during each week of the first year of life and across the entire year. Preterm birth status, sex, and payment type for delivery were assessed as effect modifiers.ResultsOf the 1 983 700 infants, 979 038 (49.4%) were female, 966 349 (48.7%) were Hispanic, and 142 081 (7.2%) were preterm. Across the first year of life, the odds of an ED visit for any cause were greater among both preterm (AOR, 1.056; 95% CI, 1.048-1.064) and full-term (AOR, 1.051; 95% CI, 1.049-1.053) infants for each 5-μg/m3 increase in exposure to PM2.5. Elevated odds were also observed for infection-related ED visit (preterm: AOR, 1.035; 95% CI, 1.001-1.069; full-term: AOR, 1.053; 95% CI, 1.044-1.062) and first respiratory-related ED visit (preterm: AOR, 1.080; 95% CI, 1.067-1.093; full-term: AOR,1.065; 95% CI, 1.061-1.069). For both preterm and full-term infants, ages 18 to 23 weeks were associated with the greatest odds of all-cause ED visits (AORs ranged from 1.034; 95% CI, 0.976-1.094 to 1.077; 95% CI, 1.022-1.135).Conclusions and RelevanceIncreasing PM2.5 exposure was associated with an increased ED visit risk for both preterm and full-term infants during the first year of life, which may have implications for interventions aimed at minimizing air pollution.

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The effect of exposure to particulate matter during pregnancy on lower respiratory tract infection hospitalizations during first year of life

Cited by 15 publications

References 49 publications

Prenatal and early life exposure to air pollution and the risk of severe lower respiratory tract infections during early childhood: the Espoo Cohort Study

Prenatal and early life exposure to air pollution and the risk of severe lower respiratory tract infections during early childhood: the Espoo Cohort Study

Prebirth effects of climate change on children's respiratory health

Exposure to Air Pollution and Emergency Department Visits During the First Year of Life Among Preterm and Full-term Infants

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