The effect of exercise on plasma high density lipoproteins

Wood, Peter D.; Haskell, William L.

doi:10.1007/bf02533428

Cited by 267 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…For example, an earlier study by our group [1] and another by Adner and Castelli [2] reported significantly higher HDL-C concentrations and lower relative weights in marathon runners compared to an otherwise comparable sedentary control group. On the basis of statistically insignificant correlations between relative weight and HDL-C within exercise or control groups, both groups of investigators argued that differences in weight could not have accounted for all the observed differences in HDL-C.…”

Section: Comments Regarding Other Exercise Studiesmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Does weight loss cause the exercise-induced increase in plasma high density lipoproteins?

et al. 1983

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Studies showing an increase in plasma concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) with moderate exercise have usually rejected the role of body weight change in the HDL-C raising process, ostensibly because the amount of weight lost has been negligible. To investigate HDL-C changes more thoroughly, we followed initially sedentary middle-aged men randomly assigned to either a moderate running (N= 36) or a sedentary control (N = 28) group for one year. Among runners, one-year changes in plasma HDL-C concentrations correlated strongly with their body weight changes (r = -0.53, P < 0.001). Curve-fitting procedures and regression analysis suggested that processes associated with weight change produce much of the plasma HDL-C changes induced by moderate exercise and that changes in HDL-C concentration predominantly reflect changes in the reputedly anti-atherogenic HDL2 sub-component. Further, the interaction between weight change and plasma HDL-C concentration was significantly different (P < 0.001) in exercisers and controls suggesting that the metabolic consequences of exercise-induced weight change are different from the consequences of weight change in the sedentary state.

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Section: Comments Regarding Other Exercise Studiesmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Evidence from both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies strongly suggests that running and other endurance activities increase the plasma concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [1][2][3][4]. Moreover, population studies indicate that lean individuals have higher HDL-C levels than those who are more obese [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does weight loss cause the exercise-induced increase in plasma high density lipoproteins?

et al. 1983

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“…This is in agreement with the findings of Nye et al 42 who studied 17 men over the course of a 10-week training program and found that HDL 2 rose, HDL 3 fell, and consequently total HDL remained unchanged. On the other hand, many studies have found higher levels of total HDL in active as opposed to inactive subjects, 7 " 943 and in a review article on the effect of exercise on plasma HDL 44 the authors concluded that "the increase in plasma high density lipoprotein appears to be the result largely of an increase in the less dense HDL 2 subtraction." In this study, however, we found significantly higher levels of HDL 3 , but not HDL 2 , measurements in active subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High density lipoprotein subfractions and coronary risk factors in normal men.

Robinson¹,

Ferns²,

Bevan³

et al. 1987

Arteriosclerosis

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Plasma levels of total high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and Its subtractions (HDL 2 and HDL 3 ) were measured In 366 healthy Caucasian males; these values were related to a number of coronary risk factors. On unlvarlate statistical analysis, total HDL was negatively correlated with cigarette consumption, body mass Index, and serum trlglycerldes, and positively associated with level of physical activity and alcohol consumption. HDL 2 showed an Inverse relationship with cigarette consumption, body mass index, trlglycerldes, and systolic blood pressure and a positive relationship with age. HDL 3 was negatively correlated with cigarette smoking, body mass index, and trlglycerldes and positively associated with exercise level and alcohol consumption. Total HDL and HDL 2 were Inversely related to coronary risk rating, but HDL 3 snowed no significant correlation. Many of these relationships became nonsignificant after allowing for the effects of other variables. In particular, none of the HDL measurements correlated significantly with risk score after allowing for the effect of trlglycerldes. There Is Insufficient evidence at present to recommend the Inclusion of HDL subfractions as routine screening tests for heart disease. HDL subfractions and these and other risk factors in a large group of healthy men. Methods SubjectsThe study population consisted of Caucasian males attending a hearth screening center in north London. Subjects with a medical history of heart disease or diabetes or with a current complaint of angina, and those with an abnormal fasting glucose level were excluded from the study. Also excluded were subjects with electrocardiographic evidence of ischemic heart disease and those taking antihypertensive or lipid-lowering medication. We were left with a final sample of 366 healthy men.The screening process, which has been described in detail elsewhere, 20 ' 21 included a detailed medical history and physical examination, chest x-ray and 12-lead electrocardiogram, and collection of blood for a number of biochemical and hematological measurements. Blood pressure was taken using a random-zero (Gelman Hawksley) sphygmomanometer, the value recorded being the mean of two measurements. Stage V end-point was used for the diastolic pressure. Weight (kg) and height (m) were recorded for each subject, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight/height 2 . Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and exercise level were assessed by a computerized questionnaire. Ex-smokers and those smoking only pipes or cigars were coded as non-cigarette smokers. Teetotalers (10 subjects) were omitted from the alcohol analysis. All procedures were approved by the ethical committee of BUPA Medical Research, and informed consent was obtained from each subject.The subjects fasted overnight for 14 hours.

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“…In addition to lowering blood glucose (4,5) and increasing insulin sensitivity (6)(7)(8), regular exercise improves several of the recognized risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Both low-density and very-low-density lipoprotein concentrations in serum decrease with physical training (9,10), whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increases (11)(12)(13)(14). Also, mild to moderate hypertension improves (15), resting pulse rate and cardiac work decrease, and physical working capacity increases with physical training.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role and Management of Exercise in Diabetes Mellitus

Horton

1988

Diabetes Care

111

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As more is understood about the physiology of exercise, in both normal and diabetic subjects, its role in the treatment of diabetes is becoming better defined. Whereas people with diabetes may derive many benefits from regular physical exercise, there are also several hazards that make exercise difficult to manage. In type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes, there are risks of hypoglycemia during or after exercise or of worsening metabolic control if insulin deficiency is present. Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients treated with sulfonylureas are also at some increased risk of developing hypoglycemia during or after exercise, although this poses less of a problem than with insulin treatment. In individuals treated by diet alone, regulation of blood glucose during exercise is usually not a significant problem and exercise can be used as an adjunct to diet to achieve weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity. When obese type II diabetic patients are treated with very low calorie diets, adequate amounts of carbohydrate must be provided to ensure maintenance of normal muscle glycogen content, particularly if individuals wish to participate in highintensity exercise that places a heavy workload on specific muscle groups. On the other hand, moderateintensity exercise such as vigorous walking can be tolerated by individuals on very low calorie, carbohydrate-restricted diets after an appropriate period of adaptation. A number of strategies can be employed to avoid hypoglycemia in type I diabetic patients, and both type I and II diabetic patients should be examined carefully for long-term complications of their disease, which may be made worse by exercise. These considerations have led many diabetologists to consider exercise beneficial in the management of diabetes for

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The effect of exercise on plasma high density lipoproteins

Cited by 267 publications

References 52 publications

Does weight loss cause the exercise-induced increase in plasma high density lipoproteins?

Does weight loss cause the exercise-induced increase in plasma high density lipoproteins?

High density lipoprotein subfractions and coronary risk factors in normal men.

Role and Management of Exercise in Diabetes Mellitus

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