The effect of exercise on fructose absorption

Fujisawa, Tomotsumi; Mulligan, Kathleen; Wada, Leslie; Schumacher, Laurie; Riby, Jacques; Kretchmer, Norman

doi:10.1093/ajcn/58.1.75

Cited by 34 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The fructose:glucose ratio of WM is 1:0.55 [14]. Although gut absorption [43], and thus the rate of oxidation [44], of exogenous fructose is lower than glucose, the blood glucose and lactate data and performance measures (time and average power output) indicate that the dose of WM utilized in this study prevented exercise-induced hypoglycemia and supported the energy demands of vigorous endurance cycling. The current data support our previous findings wherein providing exogenous carbohydrate via bananas and pears maintained blood glucose levels and supported the energy demands of vigorous cycling [12,13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Watermelon and Carbohydrate Beverage on Exercise-Induced Alterations in Systemic Inflammation, Immune Dysfunction, and Plasma Antioxidant Capacity

et al. 2016

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Consuming carbohydrate- and antioxidant-rich fruits during exercise as a means of supporting and enhancing both performance and health is of interest to endurance athletes. Watermelon (WM) contains carbohydrate, lycopene, l-citrulline, and l-arginine. WM may support exercise performance, augment antioxidant capacity, and act as a countermeasure to exercise-induced inflammation and innate immune changes. Trained cyclists (n = 20, 48 ± 2 years) participated in a randomized, placebo controlled, crossover study. Subjects completed two 75 km cycling time trials after either 2 weeks ingestion of 980 mL/day WM puree or no treatment. Subjects drank either WM puree containing 0.2 gm/kg carbohydrate or a 6% carbohydrate beverage every 15 min during the time trials. Blood samples were taken pre-study and pre-, post-, 1 h post-exercise. WM ingestion versus no treatment for 2-weeks increased plasma l-citrulline and l-arginine concentrations (p < 0.0125). Exercise performance did not differ between WM puree or carbohydrate beverage trials (p > 0.05), however, the rating of perceived exertion was greater during the WM trial (p > 0.05). WM puree versus carbohydrate beverage resulted in a similar pattern of increase in blood glucose, and greater increases in post-exercise plasma antioxidant capacity, l-citrulline, l-arginine, and total nitrate (all p < 0.05), but without differences in systemic markers of inflammation or innate immune function. Daily WM puree consumption fully supported the energy demands of exercise, and increased post-exercise blood levels of WM nutritional components (l-citrulline and l-arginine), antioxidant capacity, and total nitrate, but without an influence on post-exercise inflammation and changes in innate immune function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Watermelon and Carbohydrate Beverage on Exercise-Induced Alterations in Systemic Inflammation, Immune Dysfunction, and Plasma Antioxidant Capacity

et al. 2016

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“…Fructose is absorbed more slowly from the gut than glucose (Holdsworth and Dawson 1964) and is primarily metabolized by the liver. Because of its slower absorption rate from the intestine, complaints of abdominal discomfort and other symptoms generally associated with malabsorption are often observed when exercise follows fructose ingestion (Fujisawa et al 1993;Murray et al 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pre-exercise ingestion of trehalose, galactose and glucose on subsequent metabolism and cycling performance

Jentjens

Jeukendrup

2003

Eur J Appl Physiol

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The glycaemic and insulinaemic responses to different carbohydrates vary and these have been suggested to affect performance. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of pre-exercise ingestion of glucose (GLU), galactose (GAL) and trehalose (TRE) on metabolic responses at rest and during exercise and on subsequent time-trial (TT) performance. Eight well-trained male cyclists completed three exercise trials separated by at least 3 days. At 45 min before the start of exercise subjects consumed 500 ml of a beverage containing 75 g of either glucose, galactose or trehalose. The exercise trials consisted of 20 min of submaximal steady-state exercise (SS) at 65% of maximal power output immediately followed by a [mean (SEM)] 702 (25) kJ TT. Plasma glucose concentration 15 min postprandial was significantly higher in GLU compared to GAL and TRE (P<0.05). This was accompanied by a more than twofold greater rise in plasma insulin concentration in GLU compared to GAL and TRE (118% and 145%, respectively). During SS exercise four subjects in GLU and one subject in TRE developed a rebound hypoglycaemia (plasma glucose concentration less than 3.5 mmolAEl -1 ). No differences were observed in TT performance between the three trials. Pre-exercise ingestion of trehalose and galactose resulted in lower plasma glucose and insulin responses prior to exercise and reduced the prevalence of rebound hypoglycaemia. Despite the attenuated insulin and glucose responses at rest and during exercise following pre-exercise ingestion of galactose and trehalose, there was no difference in TT performance compared with pre-exercise ingestion of glucose.

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“…Glucose has been shown to significantly improve the threshold for fructose malabsorption (23,40,51,54,61). The glucose effect on fructose absorption may be reduced in the modern Western diet by the decrease in the consumption of fructose in the form of the disaccharide sucrose, with a concomitant rise in consumption of fructose (49).…”

Section: Glucose Effect On Fructose Absorption In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal fructose transport and malabsorption in humans

Jones

Butler

Brooks

2011

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

161

120

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Fructose is a hexose sugar that is being increasingly consumed in its monosaccharide form. Patients who exhibit fructose malabsorption can present with gastrointestinal symptoms that include chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain. However, with no clearly established gastrointestinal mechanism for fructose malabsorption, patient analysis by the proxy of a breath hydrogen test (BHT) is controversial. The major transporter for fructose in intestinal epithelial cells is thought to be the facilitative transporter GLUT5. Consistent with a facilitative transport system, we show here by analysis of past studies on healthy adults that there is a significant relationship between fructose malabsorption and fructose dose ( r = 0.86, P < 0.001). Thus there is a dose-dependent and limited absorption capacity even in healthy individuals. Changes in fructose malabsorption with age have been observed in human infants, and this may parallel the developmental regulation of GLUT5 expression. Moreover, a GLUT5 knockout mouse has displayed the hallmarks associated with profound fructose malabsorption. Fructose malabsorption appears to be partially modulated by the amount of glucose ingested. Although solvent drag and passive diffusion have been proposed to explain the effect of glucose on fructose malabsorption, this could possibly be a result of the facilitative transporter GLUT2. GLUT5 and GLUT2 mRNA have been shown to be rapidly upregulated by the presence of fructose and GLUT2 mRNA is also upregulated by glucose, but in humans the distribution and role of GLUT2 in the brush border membrane are yet to be definitively decided. Understanding the relative roles of these transporters in humans will be crucial for establishing a mechanistic basis for fructose malabsorption in gastrointestinal patients.

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The effect of exercise on fructose absorption

Cited by 34 publications

References 21 publications

Comparison of Watermelon and Carbohydrate Beverage on Exercise-Induced Alterations in Systemic Inflammation, Immune Dysfunction, and Plasma Antioxidant Capacity

Comparison of Watermelon and Carbohydrate Beverage on Exercise-Induced Alterations in Systemic Inflammation, Immune Dysfunction, and Plasma Antioxidant Capacity

Effects of pre-exercise ingestion of trehalose, galactose and glucose on subsequent metabolism and cycling performance

Intestinal fructose transport and malabsorption in humans

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