The effect of ethylene on adventitious root formation in mung bean (Vigna radiata) cuttings

Robbins, James A.; Reid, Michael S.; Paul, J. L.; Rost, Thomas L.

doi:10.1007/bf02266952

Cited by 57 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…5) the number of roots which are formed, it does not appear that these phenomena are causally associated. As previously shown in mung bean (12), application of exogenous ethylene to chrysanthemum cuttings stimulated, rather than inhibited root growth. In aerobic media, ethylene also resulted in greater root initiation.…”

Section: Effect Of Ethylene and Oxygen Treatment On Rootingsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Movement of ACC to the aerial portions of the plant in the transpiration stream and its oxidation there to ethylene results in the epinastic symptoms commonly observed in waterlogged plants (2). Although ethylene has been reported to stimulate adventitious rooting in Mung bean cuttings (12), ' the growth of roots is very sensitive to ethylene (6), being first stimulated, and then inhibited, as the concentration of ethylene in the medium increases. It has recently been shown that high concentrations of ACC inhibit root production (8).…”

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confidence: 99%

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The Role of Ethylene in the Inhibition of Rooting under Low Oxygen Tensions

Soffer

Mayak²,

Burger³

et al. 1989

Plant Physiol.

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A 60-fold increase in ethylene content was observed in stem cuttings of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum x morifolium Ramat.) held in aero-hydroponics under anoxic conditions during the 8 to 12 days necessary for adventitious root formation. Ethylene, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, and 1-(malonylamino) cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid contents were highest in the immersed portion of the cuttings, but there was substantial ethylene produced by the anoxic, misted portions of the cutting above the liquid. Application of ethylene (10 microliters per liter) to chrysanthemum cuttings stimulated root development in cuttings held in high dissolved oxygen concentrations (8.0 milligrams per liter). Since the application of ethylene did not inhibit rooting in cuttings held at low dissolved oxygen concentrations (2.0 milligrams per liter), the inhibition of rooting under low oxygen concentrations is not mediated by the observed increase in endogenous ethylene content.The effectiveness of the aero-hydroponic system for propagation and production of plants has been attributed to the superior oxygenation of the medium achieved using this technique (13 the growth of roots is very sensitive to ethylene (6), being first stimulated, and then inhibited, as the concentration of ethylene in the medium increases. It has recently been shown that high concentrations of ACC inhibit root production (8). It could be that increased ethylene and ACC concentrations in hypoxic cuttings inhibit the formation of adventitious roots, thereby explaining the marked reduction of rooting under such conditions. We report here an examination of the role of ethylene in the inhibition of rooting by hypoxia. MATERIALS AND METHODSChrysanthemum x morifolium Ramat. cuttings of three cultivars, 'Bright Golden Anne,' 'Intrepid White,' and 'Intrepid Gold,' were harvested from mother plants maintained under 16-h photoperiods by supplemental incandescent lighting at the end of the day. Cuttings (20-25 cm long with 3-4 leaves) were harvested, dipped for 5 s in a 0.3% (w/v) solution of KIBA, and placed immediately in Ein Gedi system (EGS), aero-hydroponic, propagation units held in a growth chamber (24°C, 60-70% RH, 14-h photoperiod with photosynthetic photon flux [PPF] of 400 uE m-2-sec' from metal halide lamps). Rooting TechniqueCuttings were rooted in propagation units containing 10 L of deionized water. The water was continuously agitated, and the 8 L air space above the water was continuously misted (14). The cuttings were held so that the basal 5 cm were immersed in the water, the middle 5 cm were exposed to the mist, and the upper 5 cm were surrounded by the holder used to insert the cuttings in the propagation unit and thus unmisted. The remaining, leafy portion of the cuttings was exposed to the air in the growth chamber. Four concentrations of dissolved oxygen were established, each in two propagation units: 0 (anoxic), 2.5, 5.0, and about 8.0 mg.L-'. We define anoxic cuttings as those that have the basal portion of stem immersed in water with 0...

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Section: Effect Of Ethylene and Oxygen Treatment On Rootingsupporting

confidence: 71%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Ethylene in the Inhibition of Rooting under Low Oxygen Tensions

Soffer

Mayak²,

Burger³

et al. 1989

Plant Physiol.

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“…These promoting effects of auxin and ethylene are commonly found with respect to adventitious root formation in soft-and hard-wooded cuttings (e.g. Gurumurti, Gupta and Kumar, 1985;Robbins et al, 1985;Bollmark and Eliasson, 1990;Nordstrom and Eliasson, 1991;Selby, Kennedy and Harvey, 1992).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Physiological Ecology of Riverside Species: Adaptive Responses of Plants to Submergence

Blom

1994

Annals of Botany

149

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In river floodplains, variation in flooding conditions results in successional stages in colonization ranging from annual pioneers to long-lived perennials. Reactions to submergence of species from the mid-successional zone are compared with adaptive responses of species from other zones. Presence and abundance are related to elevation and can be explained by characteristics of biomass production, and recovery in response to various submergence intensities.Rume.x species, from early to late successional stages, serve as models to elucidate, in more detail, mechanisms of adaptation. Flooding-resistant species develop large numbers of adventitious roots upon submergence and exposure to low oxygen conditions. Due to internal oxygen transport through aerenchyma, soil around these roots is re oxidized, which stimulates bacterial nitrification. Ethylene and auxin promote adventitious rooting. Increased petiole elongation is also an adaptive feature of submergence-resistant Rume.x species. Differences between species in submergence-induced growth are not only controlled by variation in endogenous levels of ethylene but also by different sensitivities to this hormone. Auxin does not affect Rume.x petiole elongation, but a clear positive effect of gibberellin is demonstrated. Apparently, submergence induces a higher sensitivity to gibberellin and ethylene in the petioles of flooding-resistant Rume.x. Many of the submergence reactions can also be induced by restricting the oxygen supply, suggesting that low-oxygen might be a triggering factor. The Rume.x species we study represent various distinct communities. Thus, the ecophysiological phenomena observed in these model plants may explain processes and patterns in other species too and thus are interpretable at the riverside community level.

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“…These include control of stem growth inhibition during the quiescence response in submergence-resistant rice plants as well as rapid stem growth, which helps deepwater rice to escape flooding (Xu et al, 2006;Hattori et al, 2009). Furthermore, ethylene promotes growth of adventitious roots in rice (Lorbiecke and Sauter, 1999;Steffens et al, 2006), Rumex palustris (Peeters et al, 2002), Vigna radiata (Robbins et al, 1985), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) (Phatak et al, 1981). Ethylene insensitivity resulted in the formation of fewer adventitious roots in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) (McDonald and Visser, 2003) and in reduced growth of adventitious roots in petunia (Petunia 3 hybrida) (Clark et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Roots Alter Epidermal Cell Fate through Mechanical and Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling

Steffens¹,

et al. 2012

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A central question in biology is how spatial information is conveyed to locally establish a developmental program. Rice (Oryza sativa) can survive flash floods by the emergence of adventitious roots from the stem. Epidermal cells that overlie adventitious root primordia undergo cell death to facilitate root emergence. Root growth and epidermal cell death are both controlled by ethylene. This study aimed to identify the signal responsible for the spatial control of cell death. Epidermal cell death correlated with the proximity to root primordia in wild-type and ADVENTITIOUS ROOTLESS1 plants, indicating that the root emits a spatial signal. Ethylene-induced root growth generated a mechanical force of ;18 millinewtons within 1 h. Force application to epidermal cells above root primordia caused cell death in a dose-dependent manner and was inhibited by 1-methylcyclopropene or diphenylene iodonium, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. Exposure of epidermal cells not overlying a root to either force and ethylene or force and the catalase inhibitor aminotriazole induced ectopic cell death. Genetic downregulation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger METALLOTHIONEIN2b likewise promoted force-induced ectopic cell death. Hence, reprogramming of epidermal cell fate by the volatile plant hormone ethylene requires two signals: mechanosensing for spatial resolution and ROS for cell death signaling.

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The effect of ethylene on adventitious root formation in mung bean (Vigna radiata) cuttings

Cited by 57 publications

References 20 publications

The Role of Ethylene in the Inhibition of Rooting under Low Oxygen Tensions

The Role of Ethylene in the Inhibition of Rooting under Low Oxygen Tensions

Physiological Ecology of Riverside Species: Adaptive Responses of Plants to Submergence

Emerging Roots Alter Epidermal Cell Fate through Mechanical and Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling

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