The effect of Escherichia coli endotoxins on the concentrations of corticosterone and growth hormone in the plasma of the domestic fowl

Curtis, M.J.; Flack, I.H.; Harvey, S.

doi:10.1016/s0034-5288(18)32785-1

Cited by 35 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…While several orders of magnitude higher than in the rodent models, a dose of 0.1 to 1 mg/kg of LPS is consistently used in passerines and fowl to trigger immune and stress responses (12,16,19,61). Birds' requirement for higher doses to elicit the same level of response seems to also apply for PolyI:C. Because higher doses of PolyI:C compared with LPS are common in many rodent species (29,34) and because birds tend to require higher doses of LPS than rodents, it follows that birds may also require much higher doses of PolyI:C compared with both avian-LPS doses, described above, and rodent-PolyI:C doses, which tend to fall in the 1-10 mg/kg range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute-phase responses vary with pathogen identity in house sparrows (Passer domesticus)

Coon

Warne

Martin

2011

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Pathogens may induce different immune responses in hosts contingent on pathogen characteristics, host characteristics, or interactions between the two. We investigated whether the broadly effective acute-phase response (APR), a whole body immune response that occurs in response to constitutive immune receptor activation and includes fever, secretion of immune peptides, and sickness behaviors such as anorexia and lethargy, varies with pathogen identity in the house sparrow (Passer domesticus). Birds were challenged with a subcutaneous injection of either a glucan at 0.7 mg/kg (to simulate fungal infection), a synthetic double-stranded RNA at 25 mg/kg (to simulate viral infection), or LPS at 1 mg/kg (to simulate a gram-negative bacterial infection), and then body mass, core body temperature changes, sickness behaviors, and secretion of an acute-phase protein, haptoglobin, were compared. Despite using what are moderate-to-high pyrogen doses for other vertebrates, only house sparrows challenged with LPS showed measurable APRs. Febrile, behavioral, and physiological responses to fungal and viral mimetics had minimal effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute-phase responses vary with pathogen identity in house sparrows (Passer domesticus)

Coon

Warne

Martin

2011

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…Additional studies in passerines are needed to investigate if APRs involve changes in iron and zinc plasma concentrations, growth hormone and thyroid levels, and slow-wave sleep (see Table 1), to more fully understand the dynamics of APRs in wild birds given the work conducted to date in domesticated birds and mammals. (2006), 35 Kluger and Rothenberg (1979), 36 Weinberg (1974), 37 Klasing (1984), 38 Klasing (1994), 39 Aubert (1999), 40 Aubert et al (1997), 41 Avistur and Yirmiya (1999), 42 Bateman et al (1989), 43 Nakano et al (1987), 44 Rivier et al (1989), 45 Curtis and Flack (1980), 46 Nakamura et al (1998), 47 Parmentier et al (1998), 48 Bosmann et al (1996), 49 Klein and Nelson (1999), 50 Rivier (1990), 51 Rivier and Vale (1990), 52 Kastin and Martin (1982), 53 Kondo et al (1997), 54 Gehad et al (2002) S586 J Ornithol (2007) 148 (Suppl 2):S583-S591…”

Section: Apr Characterization In Passerinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute phase responses of passerine birds: characterization and seasonal variation

2007

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The acute phase response (APR) is the first line of defense that many vertebrates employ during a pathogenic challenge. This response is composed of a suite of physiological, behavioral, hormonal, and metabolic changes that include fever, iron sequestration, anorexia, adipsia, somnolence, and activation of the hypothalamo-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis and suppression of the hypothalamopituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Although well-studied in mammals and domesticated birds, the APR of passerines is virtually unexplored. Here, we characterize the APR in several species of Emberizidae and examine seasonal variation. Captive and free-living sparrows were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an immunogenic agent that triggers the APR without actually causing infection. LPS treatment activates the HPA axis, suppresses the HPG axis, decreases activity and food and water intake, and induces short-term hypothermia in captives, as well as inhibiting territorial aggressive behavior and song in free-living males. The magnitude of the APR also varies seasonally in males, implicating a tradeoff between physiological processes within particular life-history stages, such as reproduction. The proximate mechanisms underlying this seasonal modulation may include hormonal suppression by the steroid testosterone and seasonal differences in energy stores, which are rapidly depleted to a minimum body mass threshold as a result of APR-induced sickness behavior. We conclude by comparing this variation in APR to seasonal variation of avian stress responses.

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“…Furthermore, corticosterone, the primary glucocorticoid secreted by the avian adrenal gland and reported to be elevated during stress [37], [38], induced immunosuppression and the metabolic and behavioural changes associated with stress [30]. Therefore, an array of established physiological, behavioural and performance parameters were used in this study as indicators of stress to address the impacts of DON and its antidote on the welfare of broilers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights on the Host Stress, Fear and Growth Responses to the Deoxynivalenol Feed Contaminant in Broiler Chickens

et al. 2014

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Mycotoxins pose an important danger to human and animal health. Poultry feeds are frequently contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON) mycotoxin. It is thus of great importance to evaluate the effects of DON on the welfare related parameters in poultry industry. In the present study, the effects of contamination of broiler diet with 10 mg DON/kg feed on plasma corticosterone and heterophil to lymphocyte (H/L) ratio as indicators of stress, tonic immobility duration as an index for fear response and growth performance of broiler chickens were studied. In addition, the effect of a microbial feed additive either alone or in combination with DON contamination on these different aspects was also evaluated. The results showed that DON feeding significantly affected the welfare related parameters of broiler chickens. The feeding of DON contaminated diet resulted in an elevation of plasma corticosterone, higher H/L ratio and increased the fear levels as indicated by longer duration of tonic immobility reaction. Furthermore, DON reduced the body weight and body weight gain during the starter phase definitely at the second and third week. However, during grower phase, feeding of DON decreased the body weight at the fourth week and reduced the body gain at the fifth week. Addition of the microbial feed additive, a commercial antidote for DON mycotoxin, was able to overcome DON effects on stress index (H/L ratio), fearfulness and growth parameters of broilers. In conclusion, we showed for the first time that the DON feeding increased the underlying fearfulness and physiological stress responses of broilers and resulted in a reduction in the welfare status as indicated by higher plasma corticosterone, higher H/L ratio and higher fearfulness. Additionally, feeding the microbial feed additive was effective in reducing the adverse effects of DON on the bird's welfare and can improve the performance of broiler chickens.

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The effect of Escherichia coli endotoxins on the concentrations of corticosterone and growth hormone in the plasma of the domestic fowl

Cited by 35 publications

References 30 publications

Acute-phase responses vary with pathogen identity in house sparrows (Passer domesticus)

Acute-phase responses vary with pathogen identity in house sparrows (Passer domesticus)

Acute phase responses of passerine birds: characterization and seasonal variation

Insights on the Host Stress, Fear and Growth Responses to the Deoxynivalenol Feed Contaminant in Broiler Chickens

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