The Effect of Enzyme Heterozygosity on Growth in a Strictly Outcrossing Species, the Self-Incompatible Arabis Petraea (Brassicaceae)

Schierup, Mikkel H.

doi:10.1111/j.1601-5223.1998.00021.x

Cited by 31 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Inbreeding increased locally in Iceland and Scandinavia (Table 3), but also remained low in comparison with the North American A. l. lyrata, where selfing probably evolved in the recent post-glacial period (Mable and Adam, 2007). The European A. l. petraea retains sporophytic self-incompatibility (Schierup, 1998;Charlesworth et al, 2003), the genetic control ensuring that populations must be established by at least two unrelated individuals. Schierup et al, (2006) detected 11 SRK (pistile locus) haplotypes in an Icelandic population, implying a minimum of six diploid foundering individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Existing studies show that population differentiation is relatively high over short geographic distances (Schierup, 1998;Clauss and Mitchell-Olds, 2006), and diversity is locally substructured , and therefore uniform and dense sampling would assist in the detection of wider geographic structure. We favour a combination of phylogeographic and population genetics approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Population structure and historical biogeography of European Arabidopsis lyrata

et al. 2010

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population structure and historical biogeography of European Arabidopsis lyrata

et al. 2010

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“…Different combinations of population sizes and number of subpopulations were tested, keeping the total population size between 1200 and 2400. All subpopulations were assumed to be of the same size-sizes of 100 or 200 were used in accord with the population structure observed in previous studies (Schierup 1998a;Schierup et al 2006). A Poisson-distributed random number of already existing haplotypes was introduced into the population each generation to avoid loss of haplotypes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection at Work in Self-Incompatible Arabidopsis lyrata. II. Spatial Distribution of S Haplotypes in Iceland

2008

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We survey the distribution of haplotypes at the self-incompatibility (SI) locus of Arabidopsis lyrata (Brassicaceae) at 12 locations spread over the species' natural distribution in Iceland. Previous investigations of the system have identified 34 functionally different S haplotypes maintained by frequency-dependent selection and arranged them into four classes of dominance in their phenotypic expression. On the basis of this model of dominance and the island model of population subdivision, we compare the distribution of S haplotypes with that expected from population genetic theory. We observe 18 different S haplotypes, recessive haplotypes being more common than dominant ones, and dominant ones being shared by fewer populations. As expected, differentiation, although significant, is very low at the S locus even over distances of up to 300 km. The frequency of the most recessive haplotype is slightly larger than expected for a panmictic population, but consistent with a subdivided population with the observed differentiation. Frequencies in nature reflect effects of segregation distortion previously observed in controlled crosses. The dynamics of the S-locus variation are, however, well represented by a 12-island model and our simplified model of dominance interactions. MOST homomorphic self-incompatibility (SI) systems are determined by a single multi-allelic locus (the S locus), composed of at least two genes. In the sporophytic self-incompatibility (SSI) system of Brassicaceae, the S-receptor kinase (SRK) is responsible for the determination of female specificity, and the S-cysteinerich (SCR) protein is responsible for the determination of male specificity (Schopfer et al. 1999;Takasaki et al. 2000). In a panmictic population with gametophytic SI the dynamics were modeled quite accurately by Sewall Wright (1939). Gametophytic self-incompatibility systems are simple, in that incompatibility is determined by matching of a haploid pollen with a diploid stigma expressing both its haplotypes codominantly. In a panmictic population all haplotypes are expected to have a frequency drawn from the same unimodal distribution. Sporophytic self-incompatibility systems are found within several families, in particular Brassicaceae (Bateman 1954). They are more complex to model because pollen phenotype derives from the genotype of the pollen parent, and dominance may occur in both stigma and pollen (Bateman 1952). In simple sex-symmetric dominance models, where selection on the male and female sides is equally strong, phenotypes are expected to have the same mean frequency (although with different distributions) leading to a higher expected frequency of relatively recessive haplotypes because they display their phenotype less often (Bateman 1952;Cope 1962;Sampson 1967;Imrie et al. 1972;Charlesworth 1988;Schierup et al. 1997;Charlesworth et al. 2000). In cases of more complicated dominance relations among the haplotypes, the homogeneity of phenotype frequencies fails (Schierup et al. 2006). Recessive haplotypes, how...

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“…A. lyrata is strictly self-incompatible even if a breakdown of the self-incompatibility system is observed in some populations (for example, Mable et al, 2005). Gene flow can however be restricted to short distances within population (Schierup et al, 2006), and high differentiation has been detected even within the continuous distribution of the species in Iceland (Schierup, 1998). Population substructure may therefore explain significant F IS values.…”

Section: M-h Muller Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-wide effects of postglacial colonization in Arabidopsis lyrata

2007

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The perennial outcrossing Arabidopsis lyrata is becoming a plant model species for molecular ecology and evolution. However, its evolutionary history, and especially the impact of the climatic oscillations of the Pleistocene on its genetic diversity and population structure, is not well known. We analyzed the broad-scale population structure of the species based on microsatellite variation at 22 loci. A wide sample in Europe revealed that glaciations and postglacial colonization have caused high divergence and high variation in variability between populations. Colonization from Central Europe to Iceland and Scandinavia was associated with a strong decrease of genetic diversity from South to North. On the other hand, the Russian population included in our data set may originate from a different refugium probably located more to the East. These genome-wide patterns must be taken into account in studies aiming at elucidating the genetic basis of local adaptation. As shown by sequence data, most of the loci used in this study do not evolve like typical microsatellite loci and show variable levels of homoplasy: this mode of evolution makes these markers less suitable to investigate the between-continent divergence and more generally the worldwide evolution of the species. Finally, a strong negative correlation was detected between levels of within-population diversity and indices of differentiation such as F ST . We discuss the causes of this correlation as well as the potential bias it induces on the quantification and interpretation of population structure.

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The Effect of Enzyme Heterozygosity on Growth in a Strictly Outcrossing Species, the Self-Incompatible Arabis Petraea (Brassicaceae)

Cited by 31 publications

References 46 publications

Population structure and historical biogeography of European Arabidopsis lyrata

Population structure and historical biogeography of European Arabidopsis lyrata

Selection at Work in Self-Incompatible Arabidopsis lyrata. II. Spatial Distribution of S Haplotypes in Iceland

Genome-wide effects of postglacial colonization in Arabidopsis lyrata

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