The Effect of Entonox, Play Therapy and a Combination on Pain Relief in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Mohan, Simi; Nayak, Ruma; Thomas, Raji; Ravindran, Vinitha

doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2015.08.004

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…A study examined the effects of 4 methods (Entonox, Game Therapy, combination of game and Entonox, and noninterventional standardized method) before elective surgery; pain intensity in the experimental groups was less than that of controls; however, no significant difference was observed between the 3 experimental groups (using Entonox, playing and combination of both) (Mohan et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Medical-Directed Play on the Severity of Pediatric Pain During Burn Dressing Change in Children: A Clinical Randomized Trial

Moosavi

Shoghi

Haghani

et al. 2019

JCCNC

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Background: Pain management of children with burn is one of the most important issues in pediatric medicine. Non-pharmacological methods of pain control can play an important role in suitable patients. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of Medical directed play on the severity of pediatric pain during burn dressing change. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 82, 3-to 6-year-old children referring to a burn center in Tehran, Iran, for their first burn dressing change. The children were assigned into control (n=41) and intervention (n=41) groups by random allocation method. The Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale was used to measure the severity of pain before and during the dressings. The arterial blood oxygen level and pulse rate were also measured by a pulse oximeter. In the intervention group, the children were taught about the dressing steps 15 minutes before starting the procedure using a doll. The control group received routine care. The pain intensity, pulse rate, and arterial blood oxygen were compared between the groups by the Independent t-test, Paired t-test, Chi-square, and Fisher's exact exact-test using in SPSS V. 20. Results: There was a significant difference between the groups between regarding the mean score of pain intensity during dressing between the groups (P=0.041). A significant difference was also found in the mean heart rate of the groups during dressing (P<0.001). No significant difference was seen in the arterial blood oxygen saturation between the groups. Conclusion: Medical-directed play effectively reduces pediatric procedural pain through children's cooperation during dressing changes. This cost-effective, non-invasive technique can be widely used for pain management in children with a burn.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The International Association of Pain has defined pain as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience along with damage to the actual or potential tissues (Mohan et al 2015;Rafii et al 2010). Patients suffering from burn injury require supportive and therapeutic measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Medical-Directed Play on the Severity of Pediatric Pain During Burn Dressing Change in Children: A Clinical Randomized Trial

Moosavi

Shoghi

Haghani

et al. 2019

JCCNC

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“…Os resultados indicaram que todas as três intervenções foram eficazes na redução dos escores de dor quando comparado com o grupo controle. Jogar é uma terapia tão potente como Entonox no alívio da dor processual, embora não houvesse nenhum efeito aditivo sobre o alívio da dor quando ludoterapia e Entonox foram combinado (Mohan et al 2015).…”

Section: Acho-a Muito Importante Porque Eles Brincam E Ficam Mais Recunclassified

Percepción del equipo de enfermería sobre el enfoque lúdico al niño hospitalizado

Falke

Milbrath²,

Freitag³

2017

cuid

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Objective: To know the perception of the nursing team about the playful approach to hospitalized children.Methodology: exploratory-descriptive qualitative study in Pediatrics in a hospital in southern Rio Grande do Sul School with eight nursing team professionals. To collect data, we used the semi-structured interview. The information was interpreted through thematic analysis of Minayo.Results: it was observed that the nursing staff does not have the technical and scientific preparation to use a playful approach in providing nursing care, as well as some ignorant of the concept and the techniques applied to the play therapy, this issue has had little or no approach in academic or vocational training of respondents.Conclusion: it is necessary that this mode is entered in undergraduate courses and that the institutions promote playful care that professionals can use this instrument care, thereby improving the care provided to hospitalized children.Keywords: Child Hospitalized, playful approach, nursing professionals, care. RESUMENObjetivo: Conocer la percepción del equipo de enfermería sobre el enfoque lúdico para los niños hospitalizados.Metodología: estudio cualitativo exploratorio-descriptivo en pediatría en un hospital en el sur de Rio Grande do Sul. Escuela con ocho Percepción del equipo de enfermería sobre el enfoque lúdico al niño hospitalizadoNursing staff perception of nursing on approach to child hospitalized ludica Percepção da equipe de enfermagem sobre a abordagem lúdica à criança hospitalizada

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“…If sufficient and proper sedation is provided, the procedure is done more easily and rapidly, the child is more cooperative during treatment, there is less pain and discomfort for the child, and it leads to decrease in morbidity and mortality (3)(4)(5)(6)(7). One of the new and effective methods frequently used to relieve pain in painful outpatient procedures is using nitrous oxide gas along with O 2 , known as entonox, and it seems to be effective in reducing the dose of intravenous sedative drugs (8)(9)(10). This gas probably induces its analgesic effects by stimulating supraspinal centers and activating endorphin releasing neurons in the spinal cord, and consequently inhibiting transmission of pain signals to upper centers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A significant number of clinical trials, using entonox, was performed on adult patients and especially in pregnant females to reduce labor pain (14,15). Current resources assessing entonox efficacy in pediatric are limited and equivocal, which indicate the need for more research in this area (8,9). The current study aimed at evaluating the effect of using entonox gas during sedation and analgesia induction in pediatric candidates of bone marrow aspiration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entonox Efficacy for Procedural-Sedation and Analgesia in Pediatrics Undergoing Bone Marrow Aspiration: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Hashemieh

Memari

Taheri

2017

Iran Red Crescent Med J

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Background: The current study aimed at investigating the effect of using entonox gas during sedation and analgesia induction in pediatric candidates of bone marrow aspiration. Methods: It was a single-blind, randomized clinical trial. All pediatric candidates of 1st time bone marrow aspiration were included and allocated to either group 1 or 2, using a random number table. In group 1, a combination of midazolam, fentanyl, ketamine, and propofol was injected intravenously. In group 2, the mentioned combination was injected intravenously and entonox gas was used for patients' ventilation. The goal was to reach level 4 sedation based on the Ramsay sedation scale. If needed, extra propofol was injected intravenously every minute. Physician and the helping nurse satisfaction of the procedure were evaluated. Duration of the procedure, the administered dosage for each patient, occurrence of any complications, and the recovery time were recorded.

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The Effect of Entonox, Play Therapy and a Combination on Pain Relief in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

The Effect of Medical-Directed Play on the Severity of Pediatric Pain During Burn Dressing Change in Children: A Clinical Randomized Trial

The Effect of Medical-Directed Play on the Severity of Pediatric Pain During Burn Dressing Change in Children: A Clinical Randomized Trial

Percepción del equipo de enfermería sobre el enfoque lúdico al niño hospitalizado

Entonox Efficacy for Procedural-Sedation and Analgesia in Pediatrics Undergoing Bone Marrow Aspiration: A Randomized Clinical Trial

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