The effect of endotracheal 1% lidocaine administration to reduce emergence phenomenon after general anesthesia

Abstract

Endotracheal intubation and extubation accompanied by general anesthesia induce various effect on patient. It may cause hemodynamic response which result in increase of arterial blood pressure and heart rate. This response was associated with sympathetic stimulation caused by airway irritation. And it can cause a stress situation that may cause an adverse event in some susceptible patients [1]. Respiratory complications after tracheal extubation are more common than during intubation and induction of anesthesia [2]. Coughing due to airway irritation during extubation can cause harmful effects such as hypertension, tachycardia, arrhythmia, bronchospasm, bleeding at operative site.In addition bucking and coughing frequently occurred during extubation may lead to an abrupt increase in intraocular pressure, intrathracic pressure, intraabdominal pressure, and intracranial pressure. These can increase the mortality and morbidity of the patient [1,3]. Therefore, efforts should be made to prevent the adverse events and poor outcomes