The Effect of Emotional Labor on Job Satisfaction in Dental Hygienists: Focusing on the Mediation Effects of Positive Psychological Capital

Abstract

Background: This study investigated the effects of positive psychological capital on the relationship between emotional labor and job satisfaction among dental hygienists. Methods: Data were collected from 296 dental hygienists working at clinical sites in Korea between July 25 and August 15, 2022. Participants were surveyed using structured questionnaires. Statistical analysis was performed using an independent t-test, ANOVA, descriptive statistics, and stepwise multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 21.0. The mediating effect of positive psychological capital on the relationship between emotional labor and job satisfaction was tested using Baron and Kenny's 3-step hierarchical regression analysis. Results: Emotional labor was negatively correlated with positive psychological capital (r=−0.148, p=0.011) and job satisfaction (r=−0.214, p＜0.001). Positive psychological capital had a positive correlation with job satisfaction (r=0.441, p＜0.001). In addition, the positive psychological capital, had a partial mediating effect (z=−2.472, p=0.013) on the relationship between emotional labor and job satisfaction. Conclusion: Attitudes that reduce emotional labor, which adversely affects job satisfaction, and bolster positive psychological capital are needed.