The effect of electron emission on the heating of metals by femtosecond laser pulses

Multiple ionization and Coulomb explosion of molecules, molecular complexes, clusters and solid surfaces

“…It has been suggested that the Coulomb explosion process is strongly inhibited in metals because the screening (neutralization) effect dominates when a large number of free electrons with large mobility are present. The electron deflectometry experiments carried out on metals support this proposal [306,307] [312], and silver in 2011 (800 nm, 75 fs) [315]. The electron densities, i.e., electric fields, of metals were calculated within the framework of a two-temperature (electron and lattice) heat transfer and electron continuity function, and by using the particle-in-cell method schematically described in Fig.…”

Ultrafast electron transfer through a silicon–vacuum interface induced by the action of an intense femtosecond laser pulse

“…Following [33,37], we will assume that scattering of carriers on phonons and scattering of carriers of various types on each other (electron-hole scattering) contribute to the frequencies γ с and γ h included in the formula for the Drude permittivity (10) and determining the kinetic diffusion and conductivity coefficients, i.e. γ c,h = γ ph + γ c−h c,h .…”

“…Integration gives the following result: . This expression is often used to describe emission fluxes when silicon is irradiated with powerful femtosecond pulses [5,6,10,20]. However, with this approach, an important dependence of the flux of electrons emitted by the semiconductor surface on their concentration in the conduction band drops out of consideration.…”

“…The first effect is called the 'Coulomb explosion'. Works [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] are devoted to its experimental and theoretical study. The physical essence of this phenomenon is as follows.…”

Electron emission from a double-layer metal under femtosecond laser irradiation

“…Therefore, the electron temperature is a key factor in determining the number of the emitted electrons which can be a character of the electron emission current. Along with the deepening of the studies about electron emission physical mechanism, the details of the electron emission process have been known [20][21][22][23][24].…”