The Effect of Electromagnetic Pulsing on Posterior Lumber Spinal Fuision in Dogs

Kahanovitz, Neil; Arnoczky, Steven P.; Nemzek, Jean A.; Shores, Andrew

doi:10.1097/00007632-199403001-00010

Cited by 42 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Thirteen publications regarding PEMFT were included in the review: three on horses [13][14][15], nine on dogs [3,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], and one on cats [24] (Table 2).…”

Section: Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies also presented small group sizes with the risk of chance findings [23,24]. In two studies with originally small groups, outcomes were measured in only some of the included animals at different time points, thus further decreasing the group size [16,19]. In some cases, the use of subjective outcome measures can also be considered a confounding factor [21].…”

Section: Quality Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The clinical indications for horses were back pain [15], bone isotope uptake [13], and bone graft incorporation [14]. In dogs, the indications included thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion [22], recovery from intervertebral disc disease-related hemilaminectomy [3], bone loss due to disuse [18], bone healing [17,20], osteoarthritis [21], cartilage growth and repair [23], and posterior spinal fusion [16,19]. In cats, the indication for the intervention was spinal cord injury [24].…”

Section: Clinical Indicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Placebo treatment was used in six studies [3,14,15,18,20,23]. Three studies used controls that received no other treatment [16,19,24]. Three studies used the contralateral limb to the treated one, i.e., the same animal concurrently served as the intervention and the control subject [13,14,17].…”

Section: Interventions and Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PEMFT was related to improved bone cross-sectional area during disuse, improved proprioceptive placing, and a higher mechanical sensitivity threshold in relation to intravertebral disc extrusion [18,22]. Six of the studies (low-to-moderate bias) did not find any effect of PEMFT treatment [13][14][15][16][17]19]. No adverse reactions directly linked to PEMFT were reported.…”

Section: Clinical Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Review of Complementary and Alternative Veterinary Medicine in Sport and Companion Animals: Electrotherapy

Hyytiäinen

Boström

Asplund

et al. 2022

Animals

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Electrotherapy modalities are currently used in the treatment of animals, but the evidence base supporting their use has not yet been systematically reviewed. Cochrane guidelines, as adapted by the Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services, were followed for this systematic review. A literature search regarding all currently known electrotherapy modalities applied to horses, dogs, and cats was conducted for the years 1980–2020 using three databases: CABI, PubMed, and Web of Science Core Collection. Of the 5385 references found, 41 articles were included in the review: 13 papers on pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMFT), 7 on neural electrical muscle stimulation (NEMS), 5 on transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), 4 on static magnets, 3 on interference, 2 each on percutaneous electrical neural stimulation (PENS), bioelectricity, and diathermy, and 1 each on micro-pulsed stimulation, capacitive coupled electrical stimulation, and microwave therapy. The literature per modality was limited in quantity (mean 3.7 papers). Half of the articles were assessed to have a high risk of bias (20 high, 7 moderate, and 14 low). The existing literature used a spectrum of indications and treatment parameters, which makes comparisons and drawing conclusions to support the use of these modalities in clinical practice challenging. The current scientific evidence is not sufficient to support the clinical effects of electrotherapies for any clinical indication in horses, dogs or cats. The selected suggestive results warrant further high-quality research on PEMFT, NEMS, TENS, and PENS.

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“…Thirteen publications regarding PEMFT were included in the review: three on horses [13][14][15], nine on dogs [3,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], and one on cats [24] (Table 2).…”

Section: Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Quality Of Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Indicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interventions and Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Systematic Review of Complementary and Alternative Veterinary Medicine in Sport and Companion Animals: Electrotherapy

Hyytiäinen

Boström

Asplund

et al. 2022

Animals

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Electrical stimulation as an adjunct to spinal fusion: A meta‐analysis of controlled clinical trials

Akai

Kawashima

Kimura

et al. 2002

Bioelectromagnetics

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This study was a meta-analysis to examine whether electrical stimulation has a specific effect on spinal fusion. Little evidence exists on the efficacy of electrical stimulation for improving fusion rate of spinal fusion surgery. Using MEDLINE (1966-2000) and EMBASE (1985-1999), a search for articles was carried out using the Medical Subject Headings: (1) electric stimulation or electromagnetic fields, (2) spinal fusion, (3) controlled or clinical trial, and (4) human. Data were extracted from all the hit articles and additionally collected from appropriate journal lists. A total of five randomized controlled trials (RCT) on bones assessing healing of spinal fusion were identified and scored on methodological quality. All the identified studies reported positive findings, but the quality score of each trial showed wide flaws. Because of relatively homogenous subjects who had spine fusion and radiographic assessment from these studies, pooling of the data was able to be performed. Excluding one trial with the lowest score, the combined results of four trials, whose major endpoints were the success rate of the fusion, revealed a statistically significant effect of electrical stimulation with various techniques, but the selected trials still showed wide variation in view of stimulation modalities and treatment protocol. The pooled result of the studies in this review revealed the efficacy of electrical stimulation based on proved methodological quality. As problems on therapeutic modality and protocol remain, there is a further need for improvement in design to constitute acceptable proof and to establish treatment programs that better demonstrate electrical stimulation effects on spinal fusion.

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Timing of pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation does not affect the promotion of bone cell development

Hannay

Leavesley

Pearcy

2005

Bioelectromagnetics

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Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) devices have been used clinically to promote the healing of surgically resistant fractures in vivo. However, there is a sparsity of data on how the timing of an applied pulsed electromagnetic field effects the osteogenic cells that would be present within the fracture gap. The purpose of this study was to examine the response of osteoblast-like cells to a PEMF stimulus, mimicking that of a clinically available device, using four protocols for the timing of the stimulus. The PEMF signal consisted of a 5ms pulse burst (containing 20 pulses) repeated at 15Hz.Cultures of a human osteosarcoma cell line, SaOS-2, were exposed to the four timing protocols, each conducted over three days. Protocol one stimulated the cells for eight hours each day, protocol two stimulated the cells for 24 hours on the first day, protocol three stimulated the cells for 24 hours on the second day and protocol four stimulated the cells for 24 hours on the third day. Cells were seeded with either 25,000 or 50,000 cells/well (24 well cell culture plates). All assays showed reduced proliferation and increased differentiation (alkaline phosphatase activity) in the PEMF stimulated cultures compared with the control cultures, except for protocol four alkaline phosphatase measurements. No clear trend was observed between the four protocols, however this may be due to cell density. The results indicated that an osteoblast-like cell line is responsive to a 15Hz PEMF stimulus, which will stimulate the cell line to into an increasing state of maturity.

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The Effect of Electromagnetic Pulsing on Posterior Lumber Spinal Fuision in Dogs

Cited by 42 publications

References 0 publications

A Systematic Review of Complementary and Alternative Veterinary Medicine in Sport and Companion Animals: Electrotherapy

A Systematic Review of Complementary and Alternative Veterinary Medicine in Sport and Companion Animals: Electrotherapy

Electrical stimulation as an adjunct to spinal fusion: A meta‐analysis of controlled clinical trials

Timing of pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation does not affect the promotion of bone cell development

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