THE EFFECT OF ELECTRICAL ABLATION OF THE NUCLEI HABENULAE, PINEAL BODY AND SUBCOMMISSURAL ORGAN ON ENDOCRINE FUNCTION, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THYROID FUNCTION<sup>1</sup>

Yamada, Takashi

doi:10.1210/endo-69-4-706

Cited by 28 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…However, other SM projections to the Hb include cholinergic [Gottesfeld and Jacobowitz, 19791, peptidergic [Sofroniew and Weindl, 19781 or other unidentified fibers, especially from hypothalamic regions, which may also play a role. On the other hand, several reports failed to demonstrate the Hb influence on thyroid function [Matsuda, 1963;Yamada, 1961;Mattila and Mannisto, 19811, which may be due to non-stress-related experimental design [Mess, 19661. Alternatively, the Hb may modulate the inhibitory influence of the pineal gland on the neuroendocrine-thyroid axis [Semm et al, 1981;Vriend, 198 11.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal and postnatal hypothyroidism abolishes lesion‐induced noradrenergic sprouting in the adult rat

Gottesfeld

Butler

Findley

1985

J of Neuroscience Research

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The effects of altered thyroid states on regeneration in the central nervous system are equivocal. This work was undertaken to examine the influence of propylthiouracil-induced (PTU-induced) pre- and postnatal hypothyroidism on collateral sprouting of noradrenergic (NA) axons in the habenula (Hb), following lesions in the stria medullaris (SM) of the adult rat. Ten pregnant dams were divided into control and PTU-treated groups. Control rats had free access to food and water and the hypothyroid group received, in addition, 0.05% (w/v) of PTU in their drinking water, beginning on day 12 of gestation and continuing post partum through lactation until the offspring were weaned at age 22 days. The pregnant dams received, in addition, daily injections of thyroxine (25 micrograms/kg, ip) and only male pups were used in the study. At weaning the pups were removed from the dams and placed in cages with free access to food and water. The hypothyroid offspring received 0.05% (w/v) PTU in the drinking water until sacrificed at 10 weeks of age. At 6 weeks, some rats in each group received bilateral lesions in the SM and the remainder were sham-operated. All rats were sacrificed 4 weeks after operation. Thus, four groups were formed: 1) control/sham, 2) control/lesion, 3) PTU/sham, 4) PTU/lesion. Sprouting of NA fibers in discrete regions of the Hb was identified by norepinephrine (NE) levels and by fluorescence histochemistry. Blood levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined. The results show that pre- and postnatal induced chronic hypothyroidism abolished NA sprouting in the partially deafferented Hb. Furthermore, lesions of the SM resulted in a marked decrease in serum TSH levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal and postnatal hypothyroidism abolishes lesion‐induced noradrenergic sprouting in the adult rat

Gottesfeld

Butler

Findley

1985

J of Neuroscience Research

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“…Finally, data were reported indicating that pineal gland did not influence the function of the pituitary-thyroid system [Yamada, 1961;Rowe et al, 19701. All these seemingly contradictory data might probably be explained by the fact that the investigations were performed in the different laboratories during different phases of the circadian and circannual rhythm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circannual Oscillations of Thyroxine and Cholesterol Levels After Pinealectomy and Ganglionectomy Related to the Weight Changes of the Pineal, Pituitary, and Thyroid Glands

Peschke

Peil

et al. 1988

Journal of Pineal Research

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Circannual rhythms of thyroxine (T4) and cholesterol blood levels, as well as of pineal, pituitary and thyroid weights were compared in intact, pinealectomized (Px), and ganglionectomized (Gx) rats. Special emphasis was put on the similarities and differences between the effect of Px and of Gx exerted on the neuroendocrine regulation of thyroid function. Animals were kept under changing lighting schedules simulating the natural seasonal conditions (December, L:D 8:16; June, L:D 16:8; March and September, L:D 12:12). Animals were killed 90 d after surgical interventions in the above-mentioned 4 months. In each season, animals were killed at four time points of the daily rhythm, and the means of the four data of a single day were used for further analysis evaluating circannual changes. All the investigated five parameters showed a monophasic circannual rhythm. The lowest T4 blood level was measured in summer; in contrast, cholesterol level and organ weights had a maximum in the same season of the year. The annual mean value of T4 level was diminished, while cholesterol level and pituitary and thyroid weights were increased in Px and Gx animals. Pineal weight showed a decrease in the Gx animals. Both Px and Gx failed to influence the circannual rhythms of the measured parameters. However, a significant T4-decreasing effect of Px and Gx was observed in the second half of the year, whereas a cholesterol-level-increasing effect, as well as thyroid hypertrophy, was registered in the first half of the year. These results suggest a prothyroid function of the pineal gland.

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The effect of thiouracil, excess thyroxine and thyroidectomy on the ependymal cells with special reference to the subcommissural organ

Talanti¹

1967

Anat. Rec.

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The effects of cxccss thyroxine, thiouracil and thyroidcctomy upon the ependymal cells of the subcommissural organ, the choroid plexus and the wall of the caudal part of the third cerebral ventricle in the adult male albino rats were studied. A total of 203 rats were used. Thiouracil and thyroxine werc administered orally, thyroidectomy was performed by means of radioiodine. Thiouracil was seen to diminish the ependymal nuclear volume especially in the subcommissural organ and in the wall of the third ventricle. Similar effects were observed by thyroidectomy, though the change was significant only in the ependyma covering the wall of the third ventricle. Excess thyroxine, again, increased nuclear volume of all ependymal cells studied. The changes could be observed over a period of 4-18 days. The signs of a return to normal after withdrawal of thyroxine arid thiouracil were perceived after four days. Visual estimation revealed no clear change in aldehyde-fuchsin-positive "secretory material" in the subcommissural organ of any test group. The functional significance o f the results is discussed.The ependymal cells cover the ~valls of the cerebral ventricles. There is also a layer of ependymal cells on the surface of the choroid plexus. In some regions the ependymal cell system is specialized. An example of this is in the subcornmissural organ (SCO), where the ependymal cells differ both structurally and presumably also functionally from other ependymal cells.The current concept is that the site of formation of cerebrospinal fluid is the choroid plexus (Fleischhauer, '65). The ependymal cells of the choroid plexuses maintain a characteristic electrolyte structure in the cerebrospinal fluid; in other words these cells actively regulate the transfer of ions and apparently also the other components of the liquor. The production of cerebrospinal fluid is, thus, labelled a process of "secretion." The physiological significance of the ependymal layer covering thP wall of the cerebral ventricle itself is still largely unclarified. It appears to play a role in the metabolism of the tissues of the central nervous system (Oksche, '61) and very possible also acts as a secretory cell system. A N A~. Rrrc., 159: 379-366.

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THE EFFECT OF ELECTRICAL ABLATION OF THE NUCLEI HABENULAE, PINEAL BODY AND SUBCOMMISSURAL ORGAN ON ENDOCRINE FUNCTION, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THYROID FUNCTION¹

Cited by 28 publications

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Prenatal and postnatal hypothyroidism abolishes lesion‐induced noradrenergic sprouting in the adult rat

Prenatal and postnatal hypothyroidism abolishes lesion‐induced noradrenergic sprouting in the adult rat

Circannual Oscillations of Thyroxine and Cholesterol Levels After Pinealectomy and Ganglionectomy Related to the Weight Changes of the Pineal, Pituitary, and Thyroid Glands

The effect of thiouracil, excess thyroxine and thyroidectomy on the ependymal cells with special reference to the subcommissural organ

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THE EFFECT OF ELECTRICAL ABLATION OF THE NUCLEI HABENULAE, PINEAL BODY AND SUBCOMMISSURAL ORGAN ON ENDOCRINE FUNCTION, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THYROID FUNCTION1

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Prenatal and postnatal hypothyroidism abolishes lesion‐induced noradrenergic sprouting in the adult rat

Prenatal and postnatal hypothyroidism abolishes lesion‐induced noradrenergic sprouting in the adult rat

Circannual Oscillations of Thyroxine and Cholesterol Levels After Pinealectomy and Ganglionectomy Related to the Weight Changes of the Pineal, Pituitary, and Thyroid Glands

The effect of thiouracil, excess thyroxine and thyroidectomy on the ependymal cells with special reference to the subcommissural organ

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THE EFFECT OF ELECTRICAL ABLATION OF THE NUCLEI HABENULAE, PINEAL BODY AND SUBCOMMISSURAL ORGAN ON ENDOCRINE FUNCTION, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THYROID FUNCTION¹