The Effect of Electric Field on the Explosive Sensitivity of Silver Azide

Rodzevich, A. P.; Gazenaur, E. G.; Kuzmina, L. V.; Krasheninin, V. I.; Gazenaur, N. V.

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/830/1/012131

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This is mainly initiated and driven by two factors: (1) technical improvement of the microelectric explosion and (2) avoidance of accidental explosion from electrostatic spark. The microelectric explosion is a new explosion technology in which the external electric field is added to the ignition and initiation system to improve performance, such as detonation heat, detonation velocity, detonation pressure, etc., and it has aroused great interest [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. However, the sensitivities of the explosives loaded in the wire or slapper plate explosive detonators are often increased under the external electric fields, leading to serious obstacles in technical improvements to adapt to the modern bad war environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Strong External Electric Fields Reduce Explosive Sensitivity: A Theoretical Investigation into the Reaction Selectivity in NH2NO2∙∙∙NH3

Ren

Liu²,

Wang

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Controlling the selectivity of a detonation initiation reaction of explosive is essential to reduce sensitivity, and it seems impossible to reduce it by strengthening the external electric field. To verify this, the effects of external electric fields on the initiation reactions in NH2NO2∙∙∙NH3, a model system of the nitroamine explosive with alkaline additive, were investigated at the MP2/6-311++G(2d,p) and CCSD(T)/6-311++G(2d,p) levels. The concerted effect in the intermolecular hydrogen exchange is characterized by an index of the imaginary vibrations. Due to the weakened concerted effects by the electric field along the −x-direction opposite to the “reaction axis”, the dominant reaction changes from the intermolecular hydrogen exchange to 1,3-intramolecular hydrogen transference with the increase in the field strengths. Furthermore, the stronger the field strengths, the higher the barrier heights become, indicating the lower sensitivities. Therefore, by increasing the field strength and adjusting the orientation between the field and “reaction axis”, not only can the reaction selectivity be controlled, but the sensitivity can also be reduced, in particular under a super-strong field. Thus, a traditional concept, in which the explosive is dangerous under the super-strong external electric field, is theoretically broken. Compared to the neutral medium, a low sensitivity of the explosive with alkaline can be achieved under the stronger field. Employing atoms in molecules, reduced density gradient, and surface electrostatic potentials, the origin of the reaction selectivity and sensitivity change is revealed. This work provides a new idea for the technical improvement regarding adding the external electric field into the explosive system.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, reducing the explosive sensitivity by adjusting the external electric field to control the selectivity of the detonation initiation reaction in experiment [ 33 ] and theory [ 4 , 5 , 6 ] has aroused great interest. An electromagnetic pulse effect was tested during the bridge wire electric explosion [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong External Electric Fields Reduce Explosive Sensitivity: A Theoretical Investigation into the Reaction Selectivity in NH2NO2∙∙∙NH3

Ren

Liu²,

Wang

et al. 2023

Molecules

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is mainly initiated and driven by two factors: (1) technical improvement of the micro-electric explosion and (2) avoidance of the accidental explosion from electrostatic spark. The micro-electric explosion is a new explosion technology that the external electric field is added into the ignition and initiation system to improve the performance, such as detonation heat, detonation velocity and detonation pressure, etc., and it has aroused great interest [1][2][3][4]. However, the sensitivities of the explosives loaded in the wire or slapper plate explosive detonators could be increased under the external electric fields, leading to the serious obstacles in the technical improvement to adapt to the modern bad war environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong External Electric Fields Reduce Explosive Sensitivity. A Theoretical Investigation Into the Reaction Selectivity in NH2NO2···NH3

Ren¹,

Liu²,

Wang³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Controlling the selectivity of detonation initiation reaction of explosive is a Holy Grail, and it seems to be an “idiot's daydream”, by strengthening external electric field, to reduce the explosive sensitivity. The effects of external electric fields on the initiation reactions in NH2NO2∙∙∙NH3, a model system of the nitroamine explosive with alkaline additive, were investigated at the MP2/6-311++G(2d,p) and CCSD/6-311++G(2d,p) level. The concerted effect in the intermolecular hydrogen exchange is characterized by an index of the imaginary vibrations. Due to the weakened concerted effects by the electric field along the −x-direction opposite to the “reaction axis”, the dominant reaction changes from the hydrogen exchange to 1,3-intramolecular hydrogen transference with the increase of the field strengths. Furthermore, the stronger the field strengths, the higher the barrier heights become, indicating the lower sensitivities. Therefore, by strengthening the field strength and adjusting the orientation between the field and “reaction axis”, not only can the reaction selectivity be controlled, but also the sensitivity can be reduced, in particular under a super-strong field. Thus, a traditional concept, which the explosive is dangerous under the super-strong external electric field, is broken theoretically. Compared to the neutral medium, the low sensitivity of the explosive with alkaline can be achieved under the stronger field. Employing atoms in molecules, reduced density gradient and surface electrostatic potentials, the origin of the reaction selectivity and sensitivity change is revealed. This work provides a new idea to the technical improvement for adding the external electric field into the explosive system.

show abstract

“…The range of behaviours includes ferroelectricity, where a spontaneous and switchable polarization is exhibited in (typically) polar systems under an electric field (Horiuchi et al, 2012); antiferroelectricity, where symmetry-opposed polar sub-units present in a material may be aligned on application of an electric field and can be coupled with a crystallographic phase transition (Tolé dano & Guennou, 2016); piezoelectricity, where the system shows a mechanical response to the field with change in, for example, the lattice/structural parameters (Werling et al, 2013); proton-transfer behaviour (Rode et al, 2016;; and the enhancement of nonlinear optical properties (Bai et al, 2013). A range of materials exist that exhibit electric field responses in the solid state, including metal oxides, metal-organic frameworks (Zhang & Xiong, 2012), hydrogen-bonded organic molecular crystals (Stroppa et al, 2011;Owczarek et al, 2016; and ionic solids (Li et al, 2015;Schmalzried & Smolin, 1998;Zhang et al, 2018;Rodzevich et al, 2017). Related to their dielectric properties, these materials can have applications as pressure sensors (Haertling, 1999), actuators (Wersing et al, 2008), memory devices (Amanuma et al, 2000, Dawber et al, 2005 and capacitors (Bouregba et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An electric field cell for performing in situ single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction

et al. 2021

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With the recent increase in research into ferroelectric, anti-ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials, studying the solid-state properties in situ under applied electric fields is vital in understanding the underlying processes. Where this behaviour is the result of atomic displacements, crystallographic insight has an important role. This work presents a sample environment designed to apply an electric field to single-crystal samples in situ on the small-molecule single-crystal diffraction beamline I19, Diamond Light Source (UK). The configuration and operation of the cell is described as well as its application to studies of a proton-transfer colour-change material.

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The Effect of Electric Field on the Explosive Sensitivity of Silver Azide

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Strong External Electric Fields Reduce Explosive Sensitivity: A Theoretical Investigation into the Reaction Selectivity in NH2NO2∙∙∙NH3

Strong External Electric Fields Reduce Explosive Sensitivity: A Theoretical Investigation into the Reaction Selectivity in NH2NO2∙∙∙NH3

Strong External Electric Fields Reduce Explosive Sensitivity. A Theoretical Investigation Into the Reaction Selectivity in NH2NO2···NH3

An electric field cell for performing in situ single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction

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