The effect of education on regional brain metabolism and its functional connectivity in an aged population utilizing positron emission tomography

Kim, Jaeik; Chey, Jeanyung; Kim, Sang Eun; Kim, Ho-Young

doi:10.1016/j.neures.2014.12.009

Cited by 35 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…As shown in the study by Marques and colleagues, chronic stimulations from educational experiences are related to stronger functional connectivity among post-anterior ROIs, which could compensate the localized functional networks of aged people 9 . Similar results were observed in the resting-state positron emission tomography (PET) study on Korean urban samples: participants with higher education had higher small-worldness scores of functional connectivity, which were measured by the ratio of clustering coefficient to average path length among ROIs 23 . While the analyses of education using different brain atlases provided inconsistent results, social networks had strong and robust associations with long-distance functional connectivity of the brain.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Brain functional connectivity difference in the complete network of an entire village: the role of social network size and embeddedness

Joo

Kwak

Youm

et al. 2017

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Social networks are known to protect cognitive function in old age. For the first time, this study examines how social network size and social network embeddedness measured by k-core score are associated with functional connectivity in the brain using the complete social network of an entire village. According to the results, social network size has both positive and negative associations with functional connectivity; showing no meaningful pattern relative to distance among brain regions. However, older adults deeply embedded in the complete network tend to maintain functional connectivity between long-distance regions even after controlling for other covariates such as age, gender, education, and Mini-Mental State Examination score. Network Based Statistics (NBS) also revealed strong and consistent evidence that social network embeddedness has component-level associations with functional connectivity among brain regions, especially between inferior prefrontal and occipital/parietal lobes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Brain functional connectivity difference in the complete network of an entire village: the role of social network size and embeddedness

Joo

Kwak

Youm

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Educational attainment is seen as one of the most relevant elements of CR [ 14 , 15 ]. Education is related to the acquisition and constant exercising of higher-order cognitive skills such as attention, executive functions, memory and language [ 16 ]. Low levels of education have been consistently associated with a higher prevalence of dementia and AD in epidemiological studies [ 17 – 19 ] as well as being a risk factor for an earlier onset of dementia [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Brain Age-Related Reduction in Gray Matter and Educational Attainment

et al. 2015

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Inter-subject variability in age-related brain changes may relate to educational attainment, as suggested by cognitive reserve theories. This voxel-based morphometry study investigated the impact of very low educational level on the relationship between regional gray matter (rGM) volumes and age in healthy elders. Magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired in elders with low educational attainment (less than 4 years) (n = 122) and high educational level (n = 66), pulling together individuals examined using either of three MRI scanners/acquisition protocols. Voxelwise group comparisons showed no rGM differences (p<0.05, family-wise error corrected for multiple comparisons). When within-group voxelwise patterns of linear correlation were compared between high and low education groups, there was one cluster of greater rGM loss with aging in low versus high education elders in the left anterior cingulate cortex (p<0.05, FWE-corrected), as well as a trend in the left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (p<0.10). These results provide preliminary indication that education might exert subtle protective effects against age-related brain changes in healthy subjects. The anterior cingulate cortex, critical to inhibitory control processes, may be particularly sensitive to such effects, possibly given its involvement in cognitive stimulating activities at school or later throughout life.

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“…We converted the inter-regional correlation coefficient matrix into a binary matrix: in the 90 × 90 correlation coefficient matrix, if the absolute value of the correlation coefficient was above a certain threshold, there was a connection (assigned “1”); otherwise, there was no connection (assigned “0”; Liu et al, 2014 ; Kim et al, 2015 ). Currently, researchers have no consensus about how to choose a fixed threshold, we therefore threshold each correlation matrix over a wide range of density (10–40% with a 1% increment), then estimated the properties of the resulting graphs at each threshold value.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, previous studies have suggested that inter-subject correlations of metabolic rates are capable of reflecting functional relationships between regions (Horwitz et al, 1984 , 1987 ; Di et al, 2012 ; Morbelli et al, 2013 ). And on this basis, recent studies have constructed functional networks of the human brain from FDG-PET data and further characterized by using graph theoretical approaches (Sanabria-Diaz et al, 2013 ; Seo et al, 2013 ; Kim et al, 2015 ; Yao et al, 2015 ). Through these approaches, metabolic networks of human brain have been consistently found to have a “small-world” topology, characterized by a high cluster coefficient like a regular network and small path length like a random network (Watts et al, 1998 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positron Emission Tomography Reveals Abnormal Topological Organization in Functional Brain Network in Diabetic Patients

et al. 2016

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Recent studies have demonstrated alterations in the topological organization of structural brain networks in diabetes mellitus (DM). However, the DM-related changes in the topological properties in functional brain networks are unexplored so far. We therefore used fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) data to construct functional brain networks of 73 DM patients and 91 sex- and age-matched normal controls (NCs), followed by a graph theoretical analysis. We found that both DM patients and NCs had a small-world topology in functional brain network. In comparison to the NC group, the DM group was found to have significantly lower small-world index, lower normalized clustering coefficients and higher normalized characteristic path length. Moreover, for diabetic patients, the nodal centrality was significantly reduced in the right rectus, the right cuneus, the left middle occipital gyrus, and the left postcentral gyrus, and it was significantly increased in the orbitofrontal region of the left middle frontal gyrus, the left olfactory region, and the right paracentral lobule. Our results demonstrated that the diabetic brain was associated with disrupted topological organization in the functional PET network, thus providing functional evidence for the abnormalities of brain networks in DM.

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The effect of education on regional brain metabolism and its functional connectivity in an aged population utilizing positron emission tomography

Cited by 35 publications

References 48 publications

Brain functional connectivity difference in the complete network of an entire village: the role of social network size and embeddedness

Brain functional connectivity difference in the complete network of an entire village: the role of social network size and embeddedness

Relationship between Brain Age-Related Reduction in Gray Matter and Educational Attainment

Positron Emission Tomography Reveals Abnormal Topological Organization in Functional Brain Network in Diabetic Patients

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