The Effect of Eccentric Exercise-Induced Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness on Positioning Sense and Shooting Percentage in Wheelchair Basketball Players

Abstract

Background: Eccentric exercise is defined as a type of exercise in which the muscle produces power by extending. In contrast to isometric and concentric exercises, eccentric muscle activity is much more effective mechanically; however, it may expose the muscle to soreness. Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) emerges a couple of hours after an eccentric activity, especially in individuals who are not used to this kind of exercise, and causes a temporary decrease in muscle performance, joint movement angle and muscle power, and also a temporary increase in the blood creatine kinase (CK) activity.Aims: This study investigates the effect of DOMS on the upper extremities motor performance by conducting an eccentric exercise load on the elbow flexor muscles.Study design: Cross sectional study. Methods:The study included 10 wheelchair basketball players. First, the participants underwent blood CK activity, positioning sense, muscle pain, shooting performance measurements tests at the base, and after 30 minutes and 24 and 48 hours. Then, one week later, the one-repetition-maximums of biceps curls were determined in order to define the intensity of the eccentric exercise. An eccentric exercise protocol which would cause DOMS was applied to all players. All tests were replaced with acute exhaustive eccentric exercise; the same tests were repeated in the same order after the exercise. Blood CK activity was measured by taking an earlobe capillary blood sample. The muscle pain level was measured by using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Positioning sense loss was assessed via goniometer at 30º, 60º and 90º degrees horizontally.Results: The study found a statistically significant increase in blood CK activity and positioning sense loss, and a decrease in the pressure-pain threshold, as well as the shooting percentages in the exercise group when compared with the control.Conclusion: These findings suggest that DOMS negatively affects the upper extremities motor performance of wheelchair basketball players at least 48 hours after eccentric exercise.

Effect of compression garments on delayed-onset muscle soreness and blood inflammatory markers after eccentric exercise: a randomized controlled trial

“…Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is the most common symptom of exercise-induced muscle damage ( Lieber and Friden, 2002 ). In general, DOMS occurs between 24–48 hr after exercise and eventually induces a reduction in muscle function and range of motion with a concomitant increase in creatine kinase (CK) activity, thus causing psychological discomfort ( Evans et al, 1986 ; Kim and Lee, 2014 ; Serinken et al, 2013 ). Several interventions are recommended for reducing DOMS, including cold-water immersion, heat, manual therapy, vibration therapy, compression garments, and nutritional supplements ( Cochrane, 2017 ; Fonseca et al, 2016 ; Jakeman et al, 2010 ; Kim and Lee, 2014 ; Petrofsky et al, 2017 ; Urakawa et al, 2015 ).…”

Pain Perception in Taekwondo: Relationship to Injury, Experience, and Time Loss

“…An estimated 8.6 million people are injured per year through sports and recreational activities in the United States [1]. Pain from sports injuries has been discussed in a few studies such as that of soccer, basketball, and rugby, but the vast majority of these studies have discussed pain as it relates to a surgical procedure or rehabilitation [2][3][4][5][6]. Risk factors for pain have been analyzed in several descriptive studies and cohort studies [7][8][9], but these studies do not discuss an athlete's perception of pain following different types of acute injury and how it relates to time loss.…”

Wheelchair Propulsion Biomechanics in Junior Basketball Players: A Method for the Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Specific Training Program

“…The same study, however, included only adult wheelchair users without any previous sports experience. In another study [ 21 ], the effects of eccentric exercises on muscle soreness and on shooting percentages were investigated in wheelchair basketball players, and it was proven that muscle soreness induced by eccentric training negatively affects the upper limbs motor performance, at least 48 hours after exercise. Again, only adult athletes were included in the work.…”