“…Digital literacy influences the education process, allowing schools and local governments to design education programs that are more effective and relevant to the demands of today's digital world. It can also help understand how technology can be used positively to improve the quality of education (Anthonysamy, Koo & Hew, 2020;Goodwin, Cho, Reynolds, Brady & Salas, 2019;Özüdoğru & Çakir, 2020;Puniatmaja, Parwati, Tegeh & Sudatha, 2023;Rafi, JianMing & Ahmad, 2019;Singh, 2021;Sinha & Ugwulebo, 2022). However, many of these studies have been conducted in urban areas and very few have been conducted in underdeveloped areas, resulting in a gap in the quality of education.…”