The effect of dynamic vulcanization systems on the mechanical properties and phase morphology of PLA/NR reactive blends

Chanthot, Peerapong; Kaeophimmueang, Nittaya; Larpsuriyakul, Patcharee; Pattamaprom, Cattaleeya

doi:10.1007/s10965-020-02364-2

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, PLA has drawbacks, including its high brittleness, degradability during processing in the presence of humidity and high temperatures, and low heat deflection temperature 19,20 . Researchers are trying to improve PLA's mechanical and thermomechanical performance in this context, primarily through polymer blends 21–24 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19,20 Researchers are trying to improve PLA's mechanical and thermomechanical performance in this context, primarily through polymer blends. [21][22][23][24] There are scientific reports on the development of PLA blends with ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM), 25,26 polycaprolactone (PCL), 27,28 polyolefin elastomers, 29,30 poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), 7,31 poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), 32,33 and natural rubber (NR), 34,35 exploring their mechanical, thermal, rheological, and morphological properties. Although the polymer blends of PLA showed improved impact strength and elongation at break, the main setback has been severe losses in elastic modulus, tensile strength, and heat deflection temperature (HDT).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The vulcanized thermoplastic has the properties of vulcanized rubber, yet it can be processed like a conventional thermoplastic. 45 The crosslinking of PLA-based blends has been significantly explored, mainly using poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) 43,[46][47][48] and natural rubber (NR) 22,49,50 as impact modifiers. However, the incorporation and crosslinking of engineering impact modifiers in PLA have yet to be studied in the scientific literature.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Tuning the mechanical and thermomechanical properties through the combined effect of crosslinking and annealing in poly(lactic acid)/acrylonitrile‐EPDM‐styrene blends

Luna,

Da Silva Barbosa Ferreira,

Do Nascimento

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Acrylonitrile‐EPDM‐styrene (AES) was applied as an impact modifier for poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and the combined effect of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) crosslinking and annealing heat treatment was investigated. Torque rheometry, melt flow index (MFI), mechanical properties (impact, tensile, and Shore D hardness), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), heat deflection temperature (HDT), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were investigated. There was a considerable torque increment and fluidity drop in the PLA/AES/DCP blends caused by the crosslinking process and the formation of PLA‐g‐AES. Consequently, the impact strength and elongation at break properties improved. As an engineering terpolymer, AES was decisive in maintaining high elastic modulus, Shore D hardness, and HDT values. The PLA/AES/DCP (0.8 phr) composition leaned towards a synergism of mechanical properties, gaining 505.6% and 264.8% in impact strength and elongation at break, respectively, compared to neat PLA. FTIR and XRD analysis revealed high crystallinity, with samples presenting large crystals. The higher crystallinity had a deleterious effect on the mechanical properties of the PLA/AES/DCP blends. However, there was a marked improvement in HDT and higher toughness compared to PLA. The results before and after annealing the PLA/AES/DCP (0.8 phr) blend are promising for constructing new semi‐biodegradable materials for additive manufacturing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tuning the mechanical and thermomechanical properties through the combined effect of crosslinking and annealing in poly(lactic acid)/acrylonitrile‐EPDM‐styrene blends

Luna,

Da Silva Barbosa Ferreira,

Do Nascimento

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Compared with static vulcanized rubber, TPV is prepared by the DV method. DV is a key factor in preparing high performance TPV, which requires higher technical requirements and complicated processes [9]. The high content of rubber is broken into micron cross-linking particles by strong shear force and high temperature, which are dispersed in the low content of the continuous plastic phase to form TPV with sea-island morphology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Evolution and Damping Properties of Dynamically Vulcanized Butyl Rubber/Polypropylene Thermoplastic Elastomers

Tang

Han

et al. 2022

Polymers

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We successfully prepared butyl rubber (IIR)/polypropylene (PP) thermoplastic vulcanizate (IIR/PP-TPV) for shock-absorption devices by dynamic vulcanization (DV) using octyl-phenolic resin as a vulcanizing agent and studied the morphological evolution and properties during DV. We found that the damping temperature region of the IIR/PP-TPV broadened with the disappearance of the glass transition temperature (Tg) in the PP phase, which is ascribed to the improvement of compatibility between the IIR and PP with increasing DV time. As DV progresses, the size of the dispersed IIR particles and the PP crystalline phase decreases, leading to the formation of a sea–island morphology. After four cycles of recycling, the retention rates of tensile strength and elongation at break of the IIR/PP-TPV reached 88% and 86%, respectively. The size of the IIR-cross-linking particles in the IIR/PP-TPV becomes larger after melt recombination, and the continuous PP phase provides excellent recyclability. Significantly, the prepared IIR/PP-TPV exhibits excellent recyclability, high elasticity, and good damping property.

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“…In order to improve the interface interaction between PU and PLA, and obtain a supertoughened PLA/PU blends, the dynamic vulcanization based on PLA/PU blends system are widely reported in the literature. [33][34][35] Polyurethane elastomer prepolymer (PUEP) is a linear or cross-linked intermediate product of PU, which is terminated by reactive isocyanate groups (−NCO). Under appropriate reaction conditions, PUEP can be vulcanized to a rubber phase with a three-dimensional net-like structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Super-Toughened PLA/CPU Blends via One-step Dynamic Vulcanization

Sheng¹,

Wu²,

Li³

et al. 2021

Eng. Sci.

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In this study, a serious of super-toughened poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/cross-linked polyurethane (CPU) blends were prepared via one-step dynamic vulcanization of PLA, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and isophorone diisocyanate trimer (IPDIT). FTIR and gel tests displayed that CPU was successfully generated during the dynamic vulcanization reaction. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of cryo-fractured and impacted surfaces showed that the PLA/CPU blends had no obvious phase separation, which indicated good compatibility between PLA component and obtained CPU component. It also revealed the toughening mechanism dominated by shear yielding. The DSC results show the crystallinity of all the PLA/CPU blends were higher than neat PLA, indicating the CPU component can act as a crystallization nucleating agent for PLA component. When the PEG content is 30%, the impact strength and elongation at break of PLA/CPU blends can be increased to 35 times and 42 times, respectively. All the results indicate the interfacial reaction and compatibilization between the PLA and CPU resulted in the formation of super-toughened PLA/CPU blended materials.

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The effect of dynamic vulcanization systems on the mechanical properties and phase morphology of PLA/NR reactive blends

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Tuning the mechanical and thermomechanical properties through the combined effect of crosslinking and annealing in poly(lactic acid)/acrylonitrile‐EPDM‐styrene blends

Tuning the mechanical and thermomechanical properties through the combined effect of crosslinking and annealing in poly(lactic acid)/acrylonitrile‐EPDM‐styrene blends

Morphological Evolution and Damping Properties of Dynamically Vulcanized Butyl Rubber/Polypropylene Thermoplastic Elastomers

Preparation and Characterization of Super-Toughened PLA/CPU Blends via One-step Dynamic Vulcanization

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