The effect of dwarfing genes on sorghum grain filling from remobilized stem reserves, under stress

Blum, A.; Golan, G.; Mayer, Jorge E.; Sinmena, B.

doi:10.1016/s0378-4290(96)03462-4

Cited by 67 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Remarkably, the majority of metabolites related to intermediaries of glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and amino acids were higher under elevated [CO 2 ] at 90 DAP. Losses in grain quality and yield are observed when drought stress occurs, especially during flowering time (Blum et al, 1997). For instance, postanthesis drought can cause up to a 30% decrease in grain yield (Borrell et al, 2000).…”

Section: Intracellular Metabolism Is Modified By Elevated [Co 2 ] In mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in Whole-Plant Metabolism During Grain-Filling Stage in Sorghum Bicolor L. (Moench) Grown Under Elevated Co2 and Drought

et al. 2015

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Projections indicate an elevation of the atmospheric CO 2 concentration ([CO 2 ]) concomitant with an intensification of drought for this century, increasing the challenges to food security. On the one hand, drought is a main environmental factor responsible for decreasing crop productivity and grain quality, especially when occurring during the grain-filling stage. On the other hand, elevated [CO 2 ] is predicted to mitigate some of the negative effects of drought. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a C 4 grass that has important economical and nutritional values in many parts of the world. Although the impact of elevated [CO 2 ] and drought in photosynthesis and growth has been well documented for sorghum, the effects of the combination of these two environmental factors on plant metabolism have yet to be determined. To address this question, sorghum plants (cv BRS 330) were grown and monitored at ambient (400 mmol mol 21 ) or elevated (800 mmol mol 21 ) [CO 2 ] for 120 d and subjected to drought during the grainfilling stage. Leaf photosynthesis, respiration, and stomatal conductance were measured at 90 and 120 d after planting, and plant organs (leaves, culm, roots, prop roots, and grains) were harvested. Finally, biochemical composition and intracellular metabolites were assessed for each organ. As expected, elevated [CO 2 ] reduced the stomatal conductance, which preserved soil moisture and plant fitness under drought. Interestingly, the whole-plant metabolism was adjusted and protein content in grains was improved by 60% in sorghum grown under elevated [CO 2 ].Global food demand is projected to increase up to 110% by the middle of this century (Tilman et al., 2011; Alexandratos and Bruinsma, 2012), particularly due to a rise in world population that is likely to plateau at about 9 billion people (Godfray et al., 2010 (NOAA, 2015). According to the A2 emission scenario from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, in the absence of explicit climate change policy, atmospheric CO 2 concentrations will reach 800 mmol mol 21 by the end of this century. The increasing atmospheric [CO 2 ] is resulting in global climate changes, such as reduction in water availability and elevation in temperature. These factors are expected to heavily influence food production in the next years (Godfray and Garnett, 2014;Magrin et al., 2014). Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a C 4 grass, considered a staple food grain for millions of the poorest and most food-insecure people in the semiarid tropics of Africa, Asia, and Central America, serving as an important source of energy, proteins, vitamins, and minerals (Taylor et al., 2006). Moreover, this crop is used for animal feed and as industrial raw material in developed countries such as the United States, which is the main world producer (FAO, 2015). With a fully sequenced genome (Paterson et al., 2009) and over 45,000 accessions representing a large geographic and genetic diversity, sorghum is a good model system in which to study the impact of global climate changes in C 4 grasses. ...

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Section: Intracellular Metabolism Is Modified By Elevated [Co 2 ] In mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to this relationship, any environmental stress such as drought occurring during the reproductive phase has the potential to result in poor grain filling and losses in yield (Blum et al, 1997). For instance, postanthesis drought can cause up to 30% decrease in yield (Borrell et al, 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

Changes in Whole-Plant Metabolism During Grain-Filling Stage in Sorghum Bicolor L. (Moench) Grown Under Elevated Co2 and Drought

et al. 2015

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“…Efficiency of light interception by short-stature sunflower cultivars increases with solid seeding (30 cm vs. 60 or 75 cm row spacing) (Zaffaroni and Schneiter 1989;Gubbels and Dedio 1990). In general, plants sustain grain filling with remobilised assimilate when subjected to stress (Blum et al 1997a). Therefore, interplant competition should improve remobilisation of photosynthates in sunflower.…”

Section: Agronomy Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agronomic performance of different stature sunflower cultivars under different levels of interplant competition

Angadi¹,

Entz²

2002

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Angadi, S. V. and Entz, M. H. 2002. Agronomic performance of different stature sunflower cultivars under different levels of interplant competition. Can. J. Plant Sci. 82: 43-52. Early-maturing, short-stature sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars improve the adaptability of sunflower to the short growing season of western Canada. However, the agronomic potential of the recently developed dwarf cultivars in comparison to standard-height sunflower is yet to be understood. Multi-environment field studies, consisting of space-planted trials, where interplant competition was low, and agronomy trials, where plants were grown at commercial population densities, were conducted in southern Manitoba to compare the yield formation of dwarf hybrids (sunwheats; , and dwarf open-pollinated cultivars (sunola; Aurora and Sierra) with that of standard-height cultivars (IS-6111 and SF-187). In space-planted trials, dry matter (DM) accumulation and water use efficiency for dry matter production (WUE DM ) decreased as plant height decreased. In agronomy trials, differences in DM and WUE DM among the different height classes were masked. The diversion of assimilate from stem to head depended on the genetic background, while the efficiency of utilising assimilate in the head for seed production was lower in dwarf cultivars. Only one of the four dwarf cultivars (SW-103) displayed a higher harvest index than IS-6111. Higher seed yield for the standard-height cultivar, IS-6111, and the dwarf open-pollinated cultivar, Aurora, compared to other cultivars was attributed to both greater DM and improved DM partitioning. However, variations observed among the dwarf cultivars for DM accumulation and partitioning revealed that the dwarfing gene was not a limiting factor for breeding a dwarf sunflower cultivar with better partitioning of DM along with better yield potential. Dans les essais de culture en touffes, la quantité de matière sèche (MS) accumulée et l'utilisation de l'eau pour la production de matière sèche diminuent avec la taille du plant. Lors des essais agronomiques, l'écart entre ces deux paramètres était masqué chez les tournesols de différentes hauteurs. La diversion des substances assimilées de la tige vers le capitule est commandée par le génome, mais les variétés naines transforment moins efficacement les matières assimilées en graines, dans le capitule. Un seul des quatre cultivars nains (SW-103) présentait un meilleur indice de moisson que la variété IS-6111. Le rendement grainier supérieur du cultivar à taille normale IS-6111 et du cultivar nain à pollinisation libre Aurora est attribuable à une production accrue de MS et à une meilleure répartition de cette dernière. Les variations observées chez les cultivars nains en ce qui concerne l'accumulation et la répartition de la MS indiquent que le gène du nanisme n'interdit pas la sélection d'une variété qui se caractérisera par une meilleure répartition de la MS, donc un rendement supérieur éventuel.Mots clés: Tournesol nain, Sunola, rendement grainier, biomasse, efficie...

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“…This network can be considerably disturbed by abiotic stresses [100][101][102][103]. Related to this transport functions is the capacity of stems and petioles to store solutes (especially carbohydrates and amino acids) [104,105]. An accumulation of solutes may be caused by the altered source/sink network under abiotic stress and may be important for a subsequent recovery phase [105].…”

Section: Stem Properties and Solute Allocation Via Xylem And Phloemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An accumulation of solutes may be caused by the altered source/sink network under abiotic stress and may be important for a subsequent recovery phase [105]. From a study with isogenic lines of Sorghum bicolor subjected to abiotic stresses it became evident that stem reserves strongly influence grain filling [104]. Another important point during drought stress and recovery is the fate of the shoot apex (i.e., reversible or irreversible damages) [100].…”

Section: Leaf Morphology and Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection and Breeding of Suitable Crop Genotypes for Drought and Heat Periods in a Changing Climate: Which Morphological and Physiological Properties Should Be Considered?

2016

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Selection and breeding of genotypes with improved drought/heat tolerance become key issues in the course of global change with predicted increased frequency of droughts or heat waves. Several morphological and physiological plant traits must be considered. Rooting depth, root branching, nutrient acquisition, mycorrhization, nodulation in legumes and the release of nutrients, assimilates or phytohormones to the shoot are relevant in root systems. Xylem embolism and its repair after a drought, development of axillary buds and solute channeling via xylem (acropetal) and phloem (basipetal and acropetal) are key processes in the stem. The photosynthetically active biomass depends on leaf expansion and senescence. Cuticle thickness and properties, epicuticular waxes, stomatal regulation including responses to phytohormones, stomatal plugs and mesophyll resistance are involved in optimizing leaf water relations. Aquaporins, dehydrins, enzymes involved in the metabolism of compatible solutes (e.g., proline) and Rubisco activase are examples for proteins involved in heat or drought susceptibility. Assimilate redistribution from leaves to maturing fruits via the phloem influences yield quantity and quality. Proteomic analyses allow a deeper insight into the network of stress responses and may serve as a basis to identify suitable genotypes, although improved stress tolerance will have its price (often lowered productivity under optimal conditions).

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The effect of dwarfing genes on sorghum grain filling from remobilized stem reserves, under stress

Cited by 67 publications

References 27 publications

Changes in Whole-Plant Metabolism During Grain-Filling Stage in Sorghum Bicolor L. (Moench) Grown Under Elevated Co2 and Drought

Changes in Whole-Plant Metabolism During Grain-Filling Stage in Sorghum Bicolor L. (Moench) Grown Under Elevated Co2 and Drought

Agronomic performance of different stature sunflower cultivars under different levels of interplant competition

Selection and Breeding of Suitable Crop Genotypes for Drought and Heat Periods in a Changing Climate: Which Morphological and Physiological Properties Should Be Considered?

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