Abstract:Glycyrrhiza glabra is an important medicinal plant throughout the world. Glycyrrhizin is a triterpenoid that is among the most important secondary metabolites produced by liquorice. Drought stress is proposed to enhance the levels of secondary metabolites. In this study, the effect of drought stress on the expression of important genes involved in the glycyrrhizin biosynthetic pathway was examined. Drought stress at the seedling stage was applied to 8-day-old plants using polyethylene glycol. Subsequently, the… Show more
“…Our results indicate that most of the summer time locally during June and July may be proper to harvest triterpenoids in BTB due to significant increase of accumulation. The low relative humidity can cause a drought event which can promote the synthesis of triterpenoids [17,20]. Therefore, the negative relationship between relative humidity and betulin and lupeol concentrations (Figures 3b and 4b) may be shaped by the drought level.…”
Betulin, betulinic acid and lupeol are naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoids with significant medicinal values. Great amounts of triterpenoids are found in the bark of white birch (Betula platyphylla Suk.) trees, which can be affected by climatic factors along the geographical gradients. In this study, site-based data of triterpenoids' (betulin, betulinic acid and lupeol) concentrations were determined in barks of white birch trees from 48 sites in Northeast China. Triterpenoid concentration in white birch tree barks did not change in response to any geographical gradients along latitudes, longitudes or elevations. Instead, concentrations of betulin and lupeol in birch tree barks increased with the increase of temperature and precipitation but declined with the increase of relative humidity. As a result, betulin concentration was higher in birch trees in the northeastern and southwestern parts of the study area, and lower in the central part of the study area in Northeast China. Although betulinic acid concentration did not change with climatic factors, its distribution pattern was similar to betulin concentration. Lupeol concentration was highest in the north-eastern part and along the southern and eastern boundaries in the study area. Our results can supply information for precondition of triterpenoids' extraction for industrial production, which can be an available approach to solve the issue of bark waste processing of white birch.
“…Our results indicate that most of the summer time locally during June and July may be proper to harvest triterpenoids in BTB due to significant increase of accumulation. The low relative humidity can cause a drought event which can promote the synthesis of triterpenoids [17,20]. Therefore, the negative relationship between relative humidity and betulin and lupeol concentrations (Figures 3b and 4b) may be shaped by the drought level.…”
Betulin, betulinic acid and lupeol are naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoids with significant medicinal values. Great amounts of triterpenoids are found in the bark of white birch (Betula platyphylla Suk.) trees, which can be affected by climatic factors along the geographical gradients. In this study, site-based data of triterpenoids' (betulin, betulinic acid and lupeol) concentrations were determined in barks of white birch trees from 48 sites in Northeast China. Triterpenoid concentration in white birch tree barks did not change in response to any geographical gradients along latitudes, longitudes or elevations. Instead, concentrations of betulin and lupeol in birch tree barks increased with the increase of temperature and precipitation but declined with the increase of relative humidity. As a result, betulin concentration was higher in birch trees in the northeastern and southwestern parts of the study area, and lower in the central part of the study area in Northeast China. Although betulinic acid concentration did not change with climatic factors, its distribution pattern was similar to betulin concentration. Lupeol concentration was highest in the north-eastern part and along the southern and eastern boundaries in the study area. Our results can supply information for precondition of triterpenoids' extraction for industrial production, which can be an available approach to solve the issue of bark waste processing of white birch.
“…Values are means (n ¼ 5) and different letters indicate statistically significant differences between treatments at the P 0.05 level according to Fisher's LSD test. synthesis of membrane sterols that protect the cytosol (Douglas, 1985;Gil et al, 2012;Nasrollahi et al, 2014). Table 2 shows that linolenic acid in grapevine leaves was highest in eUV-B/eD/eABA combined treatment and lowest in þUV-B/þD/ eABA combined treatment.…”
“…As a result, water depletion during the drying process will cause a series of dehydration-related physiological reactions that maintain the normal physiological function29303132, particularly the increase in the levels of some secondary metabolites that are involved in defense mechanisms33. The increase in the levels of betaine and free amino acids in plants as a result of drought stress can regulate the osmotic balance to maintain the ability to resist drought3031; the biosyntheses of betaine, flavonoids and triterpenoids improve the plants’ resistance to the increased oxidative stress caused by drought stress, thus protecting the plant cells and maintaining normal function293234. Salicylic acid can regulate the expression of anti-oxidase to improve the plants’ resistance by changing active oxygen metabolism and associated signal transduction pathways35.…”
Uraria crinita is widely used as a popular folk drink; however, little is known about how the post-harvest operations affect the chemical composition and bioactivity of UC. We assessed three drying methods (Oven-drying, Air-drying, Sun-drying), as well as the Oven-drying temperature using metabolomics approaches and bioactivity assays. The samples processed at 40 degree show a greater effect on the levels of estrogen receptor-alpha activity and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 activity, anti-oxidative activity, and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition compared with the other samples. A multivariate analysis showed a clear separation between the 40 degree Oven-dried samples and the other samples, which is consistent with the results of bioactivity assay. These results are ascribed to at least two-fold increase in the concentrations of flavonoids, spatholosineside A and triterpenoids in the oven-dried samples compared with the other groups. The proposed Oven-drying method at 40 degree results in an improved quality of UC.
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