The effect of drinking water salinity on blood pressure in young adults of coastal Bangladesh

Talukder, Mohammad Radwanur Rahman; Rutherford, Shannon; Phung, Dung; Islam, Mohammad Zahirul; Chu, Cordia

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.03.074

Cited by 79 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…101 Also, more than 35 million people in coastal Bangladesh are vulnerable to increasing freshwater salinization; elevated salinity in drinking water has been found to be associated with higher BP in young coastal populations. 102 The overall risk perception regarding excessive salt consumption is low and there is widespread belief that the cooking process can render the salt harmless. 103 High salt intake presumably contributes to hypertension, which is an established risk factor for CAD.…”

Section: Lifestyle Related Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Disease in Bangladesh: A Review

2017

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Abstract:Like elsewhere, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an increasingly important cause of morbidity and mortality in Bangladesh. Over the past few decades, because of epidemiological transition, the prevailing disease pattern in this country changed from predominantly communicable to predominantly non-communicable disease, CVD contributes to the latter a lot. Actually, CVD particularly coronary artery disease (CAD) is getting epidemic proportion day by day. Hypertension and heart failure are on the rise, whereas the prevalence of acute rheumatic fever is declining. However, despite some efforts, reliable data concerning various aspects of CVD is inadequate at present. The current prevalence of hypertension, CAD, rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease and stroke may be 20-25%, 4-6%, <1/1000, 0.3-1.0% respectively. Besides conventional risk factors for different CVD, genetic predisposition and some novel issues like high salt intake, arsenicosis, hypovitaminosis D and air pollution may play important role in the aetiopathogenesis of CVD in this population. Formulation of appropriate policy and more emphasis on preventive strategy may help combat CVD in Bangladesh.

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Section: Lifestyle Related Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Disease in Bangladesh: A Review

2017

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“…Studies done by Khan and Talukder showed that increased salinity in drinking water has an association with hypertension among coastal population , Talukder et al, 2016. However, Khan in her studies worked with pregnant women (both proxy and direct water salinity measurement and blood pressure measurement with sphygmomanometer) and Talukder with young adults (both male and female, multiple respondent from the same household, direct salinity measurement and blood pressure measurement with digital BP monitor); both of the studies used urinary sodium excretion as a proxy to calculate salt consumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A consecutive population-based study conducted in Dacope, Bangladesh with 202 pregnant women also reported significant association between sodium intake from the drinking water and both (pre)eclampsia and gestational hypertension . Higher risk of hypertension due to saline water exposure has been found among young adults in coastal Bangladesh as well (Talukder et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) found hypertension prevalence higher among women (31.9%) than male (19.4%) participants for 35 years and older age group (NIPORT et al, 2013). Three small scale studies done in coastal Bangladesh with pregnant women and young adults suggested an association between drinking water salinity and hypertension (Khan et al, 2008, Talukder et al, 2016. Interestingly, Rasheed et al (2014) observed that the coastal population with high salt intake practices showed a low level of awareness of hypertension.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drinking water salinity associated health crisis in coastal Bangladesh

Nahian

Ahmed

Lázár

et al. 2018

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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Salinity intrusion in coastal Bangladesh has serious population health implications, which are yet to be clearly understood. The study was undertaken through the 'Assessing Health, Livelihoods, Ecosystem Services and Poverty Alleviation in Populous Deltas' project in coastal Bangladesh. Drinking water salinity and blood pressure measurements were carried out during the household survey campaign. The study explored association among Socio-Ecological Systems (SESs), drinking water salinity and blood pressure.High blood pressure (prehypertension and hypertension) was found significantly associated with drinking water salinity. People exposed to slightly saline (1000-2000 mg/l) and moderately saline (≥2000 mg/l) concentration drinking water had respectively 17% (p < 0.1) and 42% (p < 0.05) higher chance of being hypertensive than those who consumed fresh water (<1000 mg/l). Women had 31% higher chance of being hypertensive than men. Also, respondents of 35 years and above were about 2.4 times more likely to be hypertensive compared to below 35 years age group. For the 35 years and above age group, both prehypertension and hypertension were found higher than national rural statistics (50.1%) for saline water categories (53.8% for slightly and 62.5% for moderate saline). For moderate salinity exposure, hypertension prevalence was found respectively 21%, 60% and 48% higher than national statistics (23.6%) in consecutive survey rounds among the respondents. Though there was small seasonal variation in drinking water salinity, however blood pressure showed an increasing trend and maximum during the dry season. Mean salinity and associated hypertension prevalence were found higher for deep aquifer (21.6%) compared to shallow aquifer (20.8%).Localized increase in soil and groundwater salinity was predicted over the study area. Shallow aquifer salinity increase was projected based on modelled output of soil salinity. Rather than uniform increase, there were localized extreme values. Deep aquifer salinity was also predicted to exhibit increasing trend over the period. Study findings and recommendations are suggested for immediate and planned intervention.

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“…A number of studies suggested that drinking water salinity is associated with pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension in pregnant women and increased cardio-vascular diseases and stroke risks Khan et al, 2014b). Studies also found evidence of positive association between higher salinity in drinking water and hypertension (Khan, Scheelbeek, et al, 2014b;Talukder et al, 2016), a phenomenon that could be exacerbated by ongoing salinity intrusion in soil and water due to climate change and sea level rise (Payo et al, 2017). Salinity intrusion could also lead to reduced farm productivity and increased food insecurity in coastal Bangladesh (Clarke, Williams, Jahiruddin, Parks, & Salehin, 2015) which eventually leads to both internal and international migration (Chen & Mueller, 2018).…”

Section: Direct Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health consequences of climate change in Bangladesh: An overview of the evidence, knowledge gaps and challenges

Rahman¹,

Ahmad

Mahmud

et al. 2019

WIREs Climate Change

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Climate change affects almost all aspects of human life, including health. This is particularly true in densely populated and low lying deltas such as Bangladesh. However, the climate‐health nexus is a relatively poorly explored domain of research, which is a cause for concern given the country's intrinsic vulnerability to climatic impacts. The impact of climate change on human health and well‐being can be manifested through different pathways and can be categorized as being direct or indirect, mediated through complex biophysical and social dynamics. The direct effects of climate change that have been observed in Bangladesh include morbidity and mortality due to heat stress, cyclones, floods, droughts and other weather extremes at different spatio‐temporal scales. The indirect effects adopt more complex routes which includes, threatening food and water security due to salinity intrusion, and spread of infectious diseases due to changes in vector and pathogen ecology. Social dynamics in Bangladesh, such as those related to gender roles, poverty and power relations, also influence how the effects of climate change are experienced by different segments of the society. The Government of Bangladesh has a number of measures already in place, efforts that have been complemented by local interventions. Evidence to take robust health policy decisions related to climate change is limited and scattered, while there is a lack of multidisciplinary research efforts. Considering these limitations, generating and summarizing scientific evidence is vital for informing a resilient health system against future public health concerns in climate vulnerable countries such as Bangladesh and in other low‐income regions. This article is categorized under: Assessing Impacts of Climate Change > Evaluating Future Impacts of Climate Change

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The effect of drinking water salinity on blood pressure in young adults of coastal Bangladesh

Cited by 79 publications

References 27 publications

Cardiovascular Disease in Bangladesh: A Review

Cardiovascular Disease in Bangladesh: A Review

Drinking water salinity associated health crisis in coastal Bangladesh

Health consequences of climate change in Bangladesh: An overview of the evidence, knowledge gaps and challenges

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