The effect of diurnal rhythms on static and dynamic balance performance

Abstract

Study aim: The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of different times of day on static and dynamic balance performance. Material and methods: Thirty male individuals (age 22 ± 1.2 years, BMI 23.4 ± 1.3 kg/m2, height 178.5 ± 6.52 cm) volunteered for the study. The participants performed static and dynamic balance tests at 10:00, 15:00, and 20:00. Static and dynamic balance were measured using Y Balance Test (YBT) and the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS). One-factor repeated measures ANOVA with the LSD post-hoc procedure was performed to examine balance changes in the morning, afternoon, and evening. Results: Results indicated a significant difference in static balance scores at different times of day (p < 0.05). Post-hoc analysis indicates that mean of errors in afternoon exhibits significantly smaller than those of morning (p = 0.024), and evening (p = 0.029). Other results showed significant differences in dynamic balance at different times of day (p < 0.05). Post-hoc analysis indicates that means of reaching distance in afternoon exhibits significantly larger than those of morning (p = 0.032), and evening (p = 0.026). Conclusions: The results provide strong evidence about the effect of different times of day on performance.

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“…Also, 44% experienced cough, 33% 22% experienced shortness of breath and weakness. In the study of Lui et al, in which clinical symptoms were analyzed in 10 mothers with coronavirus, the most common symptoms were fever [43][44][45], cough [4], fatigue [8], and muscle pain, respectively and sore throat and diarrhea. In the study of Zhu et al, the first symptom in these mothers was fever or cough; one case of cholecystitis and one case of diarrhea were reported.…”

Gender, Age, and Levels of Physical Exercise Related Risk Factors effecting Sleep among Young Adult Varsity Student-Athletes

“…Sleep problems are very common in student-athletes that may impact their academic and sports performance (Wilkes et al, 2021). More specifically, sleep has been found to be linked with accuracy of tennis skills (Vitale et al, 2021), body composition and aerobic capacity (Teece et al, 2021), free throw in basketball athletes, power in elite athletes (Lim, Kim, Kwon, & Lee, 2021), agility (Romdhani et al, 2021), strength, balance performance (Dana, Sabzi, Ghorbani, & Rad, 2021), sprint performance (Waterhouse, Atkinson, Edwards, & Reilly, 2007), and kicking accuracy in soccer athletes (Palucci Vieira et al, 2021). In addition, it is found to be related with risk of sports injuries (Clemente et al, 2021), thermoregulatory response, cardiac activity, speed of recovery after competitions (Mishica et al, 2021), fatigue, recover from muscular injury (Chennaoui et al, 2021), psychological stress, academic and cognitive performance (Wilkes et al, 2021) among athletes.…”

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“…The reasons for their appearance are usually associated with the active interaction between civilizations and the emergence of crisis phenomena in society [7]. The media are increasingly exaggerating experts' assumptions that the pandemic situation is likely to mean the beginning of a new transition period for existing health systems in the modern world [8]. What choice of model or its construction can be successful for Russia at present?…”