The effect of dissolution, migration and precipitation of platinum in Nafion®-based membrane electrode assemblies during fuel cell operation at high potential

Péron, Jennifer; Nédellec, Yannig; Jones, Deborah J.; Rozière, Jacqués

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.06.098

Cited by 86 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This degradation can also be seen in a survey microscope image Figure 2 where inhomogeneous white areas to a large degree cover the cathode. These areas are larger than the catalyst dissolution and re-deposition previously reported in the literature [6][7][8][9]26]; we here find these areas to be carbon. Carbon is of course already present in the membrane in both the back-bone and in the side chain groups; however, the new carbon differs from the fluorinated carbon in the membrane and it is unlikely that this carbon have degraded into the mix of amorphous and crystalline products as we here detect by Raman spectroscopy.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 56%

Raman Spectroscopy of an Aged Low Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Membrane

2011

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The cost and durability of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) are today limiting factors for large‐scale commercialisation of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The MEA durability in a real working fuel cell (FC) is closely linked to specific operating conditions such as temperature, gas humidity, load dynamics, etc. This often results in both chemical and mechanical degradation of the ion‐conducting membrane and subsequent operation failure of the FC. In this study, Raman spectroscopy is used to identify and distinguish between two different degradation processes for a 1,500 h in situ aged FC membrane. The primary process is due to the loss of proton conducting sulphonic acid end groups over the entire membrane. The secondary process is a degradation of the fluorinated backbone concentrated to the cathode interface; making possible the collapse of carbon into the resulting voids of the membrane. Using spatially resolved Raman spectroscopy we can unambiguously observe both the localisation and the state of the carbon inside the membrane; being similar/identical to the microporous layer (MPL).

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 56%

Raman Spectroscopy of an Aged Low Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Membrane

2011

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“…The Pt dispersed in the membrane could also catalyze the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen crossed from the anode and cathode sides. Furthermore, the Pt ion (Pt 2+ , Pt 4+ ) could be the center of free radicals formation [12]. Thus H 2 O 2 and the intermediate HO • generated during this process.…”

Section: In Situ Ocv Accelerated Test With Three Different Cell Confimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is recently reported that Pt and its ions (Pt 2+ , Pt 4+ ) [12] are present within PEMs under various testing conditions, including open circuit condition [13] and potential cycling [14]. The dissolution, migration, and deposition of Pt within PEMs could reduce the activity of the electrode catalyst and the ion exchange capacity (IEC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of platinum in a Nafion membrane on the durability of the membrane under fuel cell conditions

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2010

Journal of Power Sources

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“…Gas permeation across the membrane is responsible for a decrease in gas partial pressure at both the anode and the cathode and contributes to degradation of the MEA. 36,84 In contrast, as a proton conducting medium in the CL, the permeability to oxygen (and hydrogen) should be maximized in order to promote transport of reactant gas to the reaction sites. This creates a paradox if the same proton conducting polymer is used as both the membrane and in the CL.…”

Section: Orr Mass Transport Parameters-o 2 Permeability (Ex Situ Analmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocarbon proton conducting polymers for fuel cell catalyst layers

Péron

Shi

Holdcroft

2011

Energy Environ. Sci.

115

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Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) employing proton conducting membranes are promising power sources for automotive applications. Perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomer represents the state-of-the-art polymer used in both the membrane and catalyst layer to facilitate the transport of protons. However, PFSA ionomer is recognized as having significant drawbacks for largescale commercialization, which include the high cost of synthesis and use of fluorine-based chemistry. According to published research much effort has been directed to the synthesis and study of non-PFSA electrolyte membranes, commonly referred to as hydrocarbon membranes, which has led to optimism that the less expensive proton conducting membranes will be available in the not-so-distant future. Equally important, however, is the replacement of PFSA ionomer in the catalyst layer, but in contrast to membranes, studies of catalyst layers that incorporate a hydrocarbon polyelectrolyte are relatively sparse and have not been reviewed in the open literature; despite the knowledge that hydrocarbon polyelectrolytes in the catalyst layer generally lead to a decrease in electrochemical fuel cell kinetics and mass transport. This review highlights the role of the solid polymer electrolyte in catalyst layers on pertinent parameters associated with fuel cell performance, and focuses on the effect of replacing perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer with hydrocarbon polyelectrolytes. Collectively, this review aims to provide a better understanding of factors that have hindered the transition from PFSA to non-PFSA based catalyst layers.

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The effect of dissolution, migration and precipitation of platinum in Nafion®-based membrane electrode assemblies during fuel cell operation at high potential

Cited by 86 publications

References 19 publications

Raman Spectroscopy of an Aged Low Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Membrane

Raman Spectroscopy of an Aged Low Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Membrane

The effect of platinum in a Nafion membrane on the durability of the membrane under fuel cell conditions

Hydrocarbon proton conducting polymers for fuel cell catalyst layers

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