The effect of discontinuous gas exchange on respiratory water loss in grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) varies across an aridity gradient

Huang, Shuping; Talal, Stav; Ayali, Amir; Gefen, Eran

doi:10.1242/jeb.118141

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…In particular, we need more investigations of the influence of environmental temperatures on water balance and of the influence of hydric conditions on the thermal biology. To disentangle the effects of temperature and water in natural habitats, it will also be important to move beyond current research practices, where species or populations are usually compared across "hot and dry" environmental gradients without knowing which environmental factor drive adaptations of thermo-hydroregulation strategies (Cox & Cox, 2015;Huang, Talal, Ayali, & Gefen, 2015).…”

Section: G U Ideline S For Future S Tud Ie Smentioning

confidence: 99%

When water interacts with temperature: Ecological and evolutionary implications of thermo‐hydroregulation in terrestrial ectotherms

Rozen‐Rechels

Dupoué

Lourdais

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

121

109

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The regulation of body temperature (thermoregulation) and of water balance (defined here as hydroregulation) are key processes underlying ecological and evolutionary responses to climate fluctuations in wild animal populations. In terrestrial (or semiterrestrial) ectotherms, thermoregulation and hydroregulation closely interact and combined temperature and water constraints should directly influence individual performances. Although comparative physiologists traditionally investigate jointly water and temperature regulation, the ecological and evolutionary implications of these coupled processes have so far mostly been studied independently. Here, we revisit the concept of thermo‐hydroregulation to address the functional integration of body temperature and water balance regulation in terrestrial ectotherms. We demonstrate how thermo‐hydroregulation provides a framework to investigate functional adaptations to joint environmental variation in temperature and water availability, and potential physiological and/or behavioral conflicts between thermoregulation and hydroregulation. We extend the classical cost–benefit model of thermoregulation in ectotherms to highlight the adaptive evolution of optimal thermo‐hydroregulation strategies. Critical gaps in the parameterization of this conceptual optimality model and guidelines for future empirical research are discussed. We show that studies of thermo‐hydroregulation refine our mechanistic understanding of physiological and behavioral plasticity, and of the fundamental niche of the species. This is illustrated with relevant and recent examples of space use and dispersal, resource‐based trade‐offs, and life‐history tactics in insects, amphibians, and nonavian reptiles.

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Section: G U Ideline S For Future S Tud Ie Smentioning

confidence: 99%

When water interacts with temperature: Ecological and evolutionary implications of thermo‐hydroregulation in terrestrial ectotherms

Rozen‐Rechels

Dupoué

Lourdais

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

121

109

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“…Depending on the physiological conditions, insects can enter a regime of discontinuous gas exchange, in which the spiracle appears to be randomly switching between the open and closed states. [25][26][27][28][29] The functional significance of this regime is still unclear, but several of the proposed mechanisms require quantitative analysis of diffusive fluxes through the tracheal network. 25 A first step in this direction was made by Lawley et al 30 who proposed and analyzed a one-dimensional diffusion model, in which the absorbing boundary condition at the tube exit was used to describe oxygen consumption by the tissue, and randomly switching boundary conditions at the tube entrance were used to describe the spiracle dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusive flux in a model of stochastically gated oxygen transport in insect respiration

Berezhkovskii

Shvartsman

2016

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Oxygen delivery to insect tissues is controlled by transport through a branched tubular network that is connected to the atmosphere by valve-like gates, known as spiracles. In certain physiological regimes, the spiracles appear to be randomly switching between open and closed states. Quantitative analysis of this regime leads a reaction-diffusion problem with stochastically switching boundary condition. We derive an expression for the diffusive flux at long times in this problem. Our approach starts with the derivation of the passage probability for a single particle that diffuses between a stochastically gated boundary, which models the opening and closing spiracle, and the perfectly absorbing boundary, which models oxygen absorption by the tissue. This passage probability is then used to derive an expression giving the diffusive flux as a function of the geometric parameters of the tube and characteristic time scales of diffusion and gate dynamics. Published by AIP Publishing. [http://dx

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“…This suggests that another factor may determine the termination of diving, and the trigger for spiracle opening may be the accumulation of p CO2 (or a critical pH threshold) (Matthews and Terblanche, 2015); however, the body-mass scaling of CO 2 buffering is unknown for insect respiration. Moreover, P. tricolor has a relatively large tracheal volume compared with other grasshopper species (Huang et al, 2015), which suggests a possible advantage in the form of extended diving duration (Table S3). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The closed spiracle phase of discontinuous gas exchange predicts diving duration in the grasshopper, Paracinema tricolor

Gudowska

Boardman

Terblanche

2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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The discontinuous gas exchange (DGE) pattern of respiration shown by many arthropods includes periods of spiracle closure (C-phase) and is largely thought to serve as a physiological adaptation to restrict water loss in terrestrial environments. One major challenge to this hypothesis is to explain the presence of DGE in insects in moist environments. Here, we show a novel ecological correlate of the C-phase, namely, diving behaviour in mesic Paracinema tricolor grasshoppers. Notably, maximal dive duration is positively correlated with C-phase length, even after accounting for mass scaling and absolute metabolic rate. Here, we propose that an additional advantage of DGE may be conferred by allowing the tracheal system to act as a sealed underwater oxygen reservoir. Spiracle closure may facilitate underwater submersion, which, in turn, may contribute to predator avoidance, the survival of accidental immersion or periodic flooding and the exploitation of underwater resources.

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The effect of discontinuous gas exchange on respiratory water loss in grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) varies across an aridity gradient

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

When water interacts with temperature: Ecological and evolutionary implications of thermo‐hydroregulation in terrestrial ectotherms

When water interacts with temperature: Ecological and evolutionary implications of thermo‐hydroregulation in terrestrial ectotherms

Diffusive flux in a model of stochastically gated oxygen transport in insect respiration

The closed spiracle phase of discontinuous gas exchange predicts diving duration in the grasshopper, Paracinema tricolor

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